Tag: cancer and aids

The central dogma of molecular biology states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. HIV is a retrovirus that uses reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA genome into DNA, which violates the standard flow of information.

• 'AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus. It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
• The first AIDS cases in the world were reported in the United States in June 1981.
• In  India, in the year 1986, the first known case of HIV was diagnosed by Dr Suniti Solomon and her student Dr Sellappan Nirmala amongst female sex workers in Chennai, The virus found was HIV-1.
• Hence AIDS virus found in India is HIV-1.
• So, the correct answer is 'HIV-1'

• AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus.
• HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)belongs to the special class of viruses called retrovirus.with in this class HIV is placed in a subgroup called lentivirus.
• HIV consists of a viral envelope.with in the viral envelope 2 identical copies of single-stranded RNA are a present and reverse transcriptase enzyme. Hence HIV has a protein coat and a genetic material which is ss RNA.
• So, the correct answer is 'ss RNA'.

Rubella, also known as German measles is an infection caused by the rubella virus. Rubella can cross the placenta from an infected pregnant woman to her developing embryo or fetus after the first week of incubation.

• Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Congenital syphilis, which is passed from mother to child during fetal development or at birth. Nearly one-half of all children infected with syphilis while they are in the womb die shortly before or after birth.

• Acquired immunodeficiency virus is a serious infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). During pregnancy, the foetus is infected by HIV crossing the placenta. During childbirth, the baby is infected by HIV in the mother's cervical secretions or blood.

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

• AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus. It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
• AIDS spreads due to homosexuality, immoral way of life, infected blood, needles and syringes.
  
• AIDS does not spread from person to person through direct contact (touching a person who has the infection), indirect contact (touching a contaminated object), or droplet contact (inhaling droplets made when a person who has the infection coughs, sneezes, or talks). Hence AIDS does not spread by the handshake.
• So, the correct answer is 'By handshake'.

• AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus. 
  
• T-helper cells play an important role in adaptive immunity. They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.
• HIV destroys (CD4+ cells) T-helper cells. They're responsible for keeping you healthy from common diseases and infections. As HIV gradually weakens your natural defences, signs and symptoms will occur. Hence AIDS is due to a reduction in the number of helper T-cells. Hence HIV decreases natural immunity by attacking T-lymphocytes.
• So, the correct answer is 'Attacking T- lymphocytes'.

• AIDS(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus. It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
  
• T-helper cells play an important role in adaptive immunity. They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.
• HIV destroys(CD4+ cells) T-helper lymphocytes cells.They're responsible for keeping you healthy from common diseases and infections. As HIV gradually weakens your natural defences, signs and symptoms will occur.
• Hence HIV attacks T-helper cells. Hence AIDS is caused by HIV that principally infects T-4 helper lymphocytes.
• So, the correct answer is 'T -4 helper lymphocytes'.