Tag: india in 18th century

Akabr was the third ruler of the Mughal empire. He was so liberal in his religious outlook that he attempted to find a new religion on the basis of good points of all religions. He founded a new religion in 1581 and named it DIn-i-Ilahi. The main reason for this liberalism was his wish to become a national king and expand his empire peacefully.

Guru Gobind Singh Ji founded the Khalsa Panth in 1699 at Anandpur Sahib. Khalsas are Sikhs which have undergone the sacred Amrit Ceremony initiated by the Guru Gobind Singh. A Sikh male at being initiated into the Khalsa is titled Singh meaning "Lion" and a female is entitled Kaur meaning "Princess".

Maharaja Suraj Mal was ruler of Bharatpur in Rajasthan in India. Deeg was the first capital of the Bharatpur state. Maharaja Suraj Mal built the Deeg fort in 1730 as the place was vulnerable to repeated attacks by invaders. The fort had massive walls and a deep moat to keep away raiders.

Ashta Pradhan was a council of eight ministers that administered the Maratha empire. It was an administrative and advisory council set up in 1674 by the Maratha leader Shivaji. The eight officials were called Peshva, Amatya, Waqia-Navis, Samant, Sachiv, Pandit Rao, Sar-i-nabuat, and Nyayadhish.

Mohatarfa was the duties imposed on traders and professionals, and it was treated as the income tax.  The tax varied from place to place, shop to shop and profession to profession. It depended on the earning of each trader. 

Mohammed Ghori was defeated by Raja Bhimdev II in the battle of Kayadara near Mt. Abu. After this defeat, he never turned to Gujarat later on. Bhimdev II  was an Indian king who belonged to the Solanki dynasty and ruled parts of present-day Gujarat. His reign suffered many rebellions by the feudatories as well as external invasions by the Ghurids, the Paramaras, and the Yadavas of Devagiri.

The Hitopadesha composed by Pandit Narayana is a remarkable compilation of short stories. It is regarded more or less similar to the Panchatantra. It is a collection of tales that counsel and advice for the welfare and benefit of everyone. hitopadesh is an Indian text in Sanskrit language consisting of fables with animal and human characters.

Mahmud Ghazni made the very first attack on India in 1001. He attacked India 17 times in 25 years. He made his last attack on the Somnath temple in 1025 to plunder the gold.

Modhera Sun temple is located at Modhera village of Mehsana district, Gujarat, India on the bank of river Pushpavati. It is a Hindu temple built by Bhimdev I of the Solanki dynasty in 1026AD and dedicated to the Sun. The Temple was plundered by Mahmud Ghazni in 1024-25 when his army invaded Bhima's kingdom. Even after the attack, the temple still retains its architectural grandeur till date.