Tag: discovery of microorganisms

• None of the above statements are wrong. 

White Revolution or Operation Flood was started by Sir Verghese Kurien. It has created a milk grid which connected milk producers throughout India with consumers over 700 cities and towns. It helped the dairy farmers to have control of the resource created by them by reducing the regional and seasonal price variations and other malpractices like middlemen. White revolution's main objectives included: Increased milk production, an increase in rural income and fair price for the consumer.
Blue Revolution means a remarkable increase in the production of fish and marine products. It saw the emergence of aquaculture as one of the most important forms of agricultural activity. Aquaculture means all forms of active culture of animals and plants living in marine, brackish or freshwater. The Blue revolution was launched by Union Minister for agriculture Mr. RadhaMohan Singh. 
Sustainable agriculture - There is one sector that has continuously impacted the environment that sector is agriculture. For the human race to sustain there is a lot dependent on environment-friendly agriculture. We have been doing intensive agriculture, using loads of pesticides, chemical fertilizers and harming the environment. India is facing a food crisis due to the massive and regular destruction of farmlands. Therefore, sustainable agriculture focuses mainly on -

Verghese Kurien known as the 'Father of the White Revolution' in India,[2] was a social entrepreneur whose "billion-litre idea", Operation Flood, the world's largest agricultural dairy development programme, made dairy farming India's largest self-sustaining industry and the largest rural employment provider, being a third of all rural income, with benefits of raising incomes and credit, riddance of debt dependence, nutrition, education, health, gender parity and empowerment, breakdown of caste barriers and grassroots democracy and leadership. It made India the world's largest milk producer from a milk-deficient nation, which doubled milk available per person and increased milk output four-fold, in 30 years. A key invention at Amul, the world's first, was the production of milk powder from the abundant buffalo-milk, instead of from the conventional cow-milk, short in supply in India. Keen on a strong linkage between town and country, he surmounted skepticism and adversity with his indefatigable fighting spirit and outmaneuvering skills to capture a commanding share of the market of the city of Bombay (now, Mumbai), which got him wide attention.

Pasteurized milk can be consumed without boiling as it is free from harmful microbes. The milk is heated to about $700^{\circ}C$ for $15$ to $30$ seconds and then suddenly chilled and stored. By doing so, it prevents the growth of microbes. This process was discovered by Louis Pasteur. It is called pasteurization.

Waksman is credited with coining the term antibiotics, to describe compounds derived from other living organisms such as penicillin, though the term was first used by the French dermatologist François Henri Hallopeau, in 1871, to describe a substance opposed to the development of life

Most microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria can grow and flourish in the complete absence of oxygen and is known as fermentation. Pasteur described that fermentation is directly associated with the growth of metabolism of living matter. He observed that the rate of fermentation was considerably higher under anaerobic conditions as compared to aerobic conditions. The inhibition of anaerobic breakdown of sugars into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol due to the presence of oxygen under aerobic conditions is known as Pasteur effect. 

Support growth system refers to a process in which the microorganisms are grown on a thin layer of nutrient medium. A nutrient medium provides various nutrients required for the growth of microorganism to carry out their metabolic activities. The nutrient media supports the growth of a wide range of microorganisms. So, the correct answer is 'Support growth system'.

Koch's postulate designed the causative relationship between a microbe and a disease.  Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites so they cannot be grown on artificial media. 

Hippocrates believed that disease caused inside the body is due to a natural cause not by gods and superstition. He gave humor theory based on the black bile produced, which was later rejected.

Louis Pasteur saved the French silk industry (not German) by identifying the pebrine disease affecting silkworms and developing methods to control it. However, among the options given, Pasteur is the only scientist who worked on silk industry problems - the question likely has a geographical error but the answer is still Pasteur.

Koch's postulates are used to trace back the causal organism of a particular disease in the host organism. It designed the causative relationship between a microbe and a disease.