Tag: plant tissue culture

Questions Related to plant tissue culture

Tissue used by Steward et. al. (1957) to prove cellular totipotency was

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Pith of root

  2. Pith of stem

  3. Phloem of root

  4. Phloem of stem

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Correct Option: C

What is "tissue culture"?

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Cultivation of tissue in laboratory through formation of new cells

  2. Introduction of new tissue in an animal body

  3. A technique for maintaining fragments of cells alive after their removal from an organism

  4. Maintaining tissue alive by immersing it partially in a nutrient fluid

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells separate from the organism. This is typically facilitated via the use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar. 
  • Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants.

First successful tissue culture was that of

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Tomato root

  2. Carrot root

  3. Potato stem

  4. Tobacco callus

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Correct Option: A

Cellular totipotency means

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Synthesis of new cells.

  2. Formation of new species.

  3. Formation of new plants.

  4. Capability of plant cell to form complete plant.

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Cellular totipotency means the ability of a cell to give rise to complete individual i.e., the formation of the complete cellular organisation from a single cell. Plant cells are totipotent as they can give rise to complete plant. So answer D is correct.

The structure employed by White for first successful tissue culture was

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Leaf cells

  2. Root of Carrot

  3. Root of Tomato

  4. Apical meristem

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
White was the first one to successfully attempt the technique of tissue culture. He cultured tomato roots in a nutrient media composed of vitamins. He developed the continuously growing callus from the root which had the property of totipotency. The totipotent cells of the roots of tomato undergo cell division and form a mass of active cell known as callus. Callus when treated with auxin it promotes rooting and when it is treated with cytokinin it stimulates cell maturation, differentiation and finally, promotes the development of stem.
So, the correct answer is option C.

Tissue culture technique was first attempted by

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Haberlandt

  2. Hanning

  3. Nobecourt

  4. Gautheret

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Tissue culture is a biological technique which involves the development of plant under the controlled condition on a nutrient culture medium of the known composition. The pant developed by the tissue culture are cloned by the process of micropropagation. Gottlieb Haberlandt was the first to attempt tissue culture. He was the first to point out the possibilities of the culture of isolated tissues. He is known as the father of tissue culture.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Callus is

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Tissue that forms embryo

  2. An insoluble carbohydrate

  3. Tissue that grows to form embryoid

  4. Unorganised actively dividing mass of cells maintained in culture

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Callus is unorganized actively dividing the mass of cells maintained in culture. It has a meristematic cell which has ample amount of cytoplasm to trigger cell division. It is treated with the growth hormones to allow the cell division and differentiation. Callus when treated with auxin it promotes rooting and when it is treated with cytokinin it stimulates cell maturation, differentiation and finally, promotes the development of stem.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Famous embryologist of India who also advanced the science of morphology and tissue culture in India is?

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. P. Maheshwari

  2. T. S. Sadasivan

  3. Swaminathan

  4. Ramdas

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Correct Option: A

Who developed the technique of nurse tissue to show cellular totipotency

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Hilderbrandt

  2. Steward

  3. Muir

  4. Konar

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Totipotency is the genetic potential of a plant cell to produce an entire plant. A single cell can produce all cell types and organises them into an entire organism.

The basis of tissue culture is to grow a large number of cells in a sterile controlled environment. The plant cells are allowed to grow in culture medium containing mineral nutrient, vitamins and hormones to encourage cell division and growth. As a result cells in culture will produce an unorganised proliferative mass of cells which is known as callus tissue.
Plant cells can be cultured from isolated single plant cell on the top of the actively growing callus ( nurse tissue ) separated by a piece of filter paper. The filter paper serves to prevent tissue union but allows the flow of essential nutrients from the nurse to the isolated cells. The technique has been developed by Muir e.t. al in 1954. The single cell is isolated from, suspension cultures or friable callus with the help of a micropipette, or from the intact plant tissue  ( root, stem, leaf etc. )
Single cell culture is important for cell cloning, crop improvement programmes, the study of biotransformation etc.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Who could grow tomato roots successfully and develop the technique of tissue culture for the first time?

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Hilderbrandt

  2. P.R. White

  3. W.H. Muir

  4. F.C. Steward

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
P.R White was the first one to successfully attempt the technique of tissue culture. He cultured tomato roots in a nutrient media composed of vitamins. He developed the continuously growing callus from the root which had the property of totipotency. The totipotent cells of the roots of tomato undergo cell division and form a mass of active cell known as callus. Callus when treated with auxin it promotes rooting and when it is treated with cytokinin it stimulates cell maturation, differentiation and finally, promotes the development of stem.
So, the correct answer is 'P.R. White'