Tag: common modes of vegetative propagation
Questions Related to common modes of vegetative propagation
Blackberry is multiplied by
-
Stem cuttings
-
Bulbils
-
Leaf cuttings
-
Root cuttings
Blackberry can be multiplied by root cuttings. Cutting is one of the methods of artificial propagation. Plants with fleshy roots and trees and shrubs that produce suckers are suitable for this method of propagation. These cuttings don’t need humid conditions as they don’t have leaves to lose water. A piece of root with dormant buds is placed in a suitable medium such as moist soil. If the conditions are suitable, the piece will grow into the new independent plant, a process known as striking. The new plants thus produced resemble the parent plant. Commercial crop grower takes advantage of the cloning which occurs after vegetative propagation to maintain the favourable traits and product quality. Root cutting is done when plants are dormant and have maximum energy stored in roots.
A plant hormone that induces morphogenesis in plant tissue culture is
-
Abscisic acid
-
Gibberellin
-
Cytokinin
-
Ethylene
Cytokinin is a plant hormone which is involved in various physiological processes. It promotes growth of shoot buds. It also induces cell division and shoot and root morphogenesis. In plant tissue culture, it is applied externally to induce morphogenesis
Leaf and stem cuttings are sown
-
Vertically with morphological apical end upwards
-
Vertically with morphological basal end upwards
-
Laterally with morphological upper side upwards
-
Laterally with morphological lower side upwards
In leaf and stem cuttings, the explant is taken from the apical portion of leaf or stem as it has a meristematic cell which has active nucleus and cytoplasm. The meristematic cell divides rapidly when cultured on nutrient media and provides virus-free plant. When the apical portion of the leaf or stem culture is sown, it is sown vertically with morphological apical end upwards to ensure maximum growth by keeping the meristematic cell at the top.
Grafting is employed for better and quicker yield of good varieties of
-
Apple
-
Citrus
-
Mango
-
All the above
Apple, citrus, and mango all are dicots so they can be easily propagated by the technique of grafting. By grafting these plants gives better and quicker yield because for grafting one plant is selected for its roots and this is called the stock or root stock. The other plant is selected for its stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits and is called the scion. The stock and scion are selected from the plants which provides good yield so that it gets transferred to the grafted plant.
The stem branch used in layering is the
-
Upper branch.
-
Young branch.
-
Soft basal branch.
-
Hard basal branch.
The development of roots on a stem while the stem is still attached to the parent plant is called layering. The heavy and closely branched stems of trees like fruit producing trees can be layered by the method of mound layering. The plants are cut near the soil level when they are not growing. Dormant buds on stem produce new shoots in spring. The new shoots are soft basal branches of the stem. When these shoots are covered with mound of soil they grow roots at the bases of shoots.
Many new plants are obtained through
-
Air layering
-
Mound layering
-
Serpentine layering
-
All of the above
A quicker regeneration of grass leaves shall occur by
-
Cutting
-
Grazing
-
Irrigation
-
Clipping
Grass possess intercalary meristem at the base of the leaf blades. Intercalary meristems are capable of cell division, and they allow for rapid growth and regrowth of many monocots. In grass the meristem allows the damaged leaves to grow rapidly. Therefore, clipping of leaves at the base helps in quicker regeneration of grass leaves.
Grafting is not possible in monocots as they
-
Lack cambium.
-
Are herbacous.
-
Have scattered vascular bundles.
-
Have parallel venation.
Grafting is a horticulture technique where the living detached portion of the plant is used to regenerate the growth. One plant is selected for its roots and this is called the stock or rootstock. The other plant is selected for its stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits and is called the scion. The joining of scion and stalk is known as inosculation.
Which one of the following is not a natural method of vegetative propagation
-
Runner
-
Foliar buds
-
Stem tuber
-
Grafting
Artificial vegetative propagation of mango varieties such as Dussehri and Alphanso is carried out through
-
Bud grafting
-
Scion grafting
-
Mound layering
-
Aerial layering