Tag: dairy farm management

Anthrax is a fatal disease which commonly effects humans and cattle. It is caused by spores of bacteria Bacillus anthracis. These spores remain in soil for decades and are also found in bloody discharges of infected animals and can spread to other animals easily.

Clinical signs depend on species of cattle effected. If infection occurs through mouth or nose the symptoms are shown immediately and death occurs rapidly. If infection occurs through skin there will not be acute symptoms but later becomes generalized. If infection is less acute symptoms may be having difficulty in breathing, tremble, collapse and die. Nearby death blood oozes from openings of animal. When infection is localized to throat area, the neck swells and bloody discharge comes from mouth. 

• Lactometer is an instrument which is used to check the purity of milk on the basis of density/buoyancy. Adulteration of water or the addition of any compound in the milk decreases the density. Threshers, cane planter and winnowers are the instrument used in agriculture. 
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Murrah (punjab), Surti (Rajasthan) and Mehsana (Gujarat) are common buffalo breeds reared in India.

Holstein is one of the exotic breeds of cow. The average milk production of Holstein is about 16000 l per lactational period. It has lactation period of about 365 days.

• A phosphoprotein are a group of conjugated proteins, like casein, in which the protein molecule is bound to phosphoric acid. 
• Casein is a phosphoprotein. These proteins are commonly found in mammalian milk, making up 80% of the proteins in cow milk and between 20% and 45% of the proteins in human milk.

The agent of anthrax is a bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. While other investigators discovered the anthrax bacillus, it was a German physician and scientist, Dr. Robert Koch, who proved that the anthrax bacterium (Bacillus anthracis) was the cause of a disease that affected farm animals in his community.

Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax can be found naturally in soil and commonly affects domestic and wild animals around the world. Domestic and wild animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, antelope, and deer can become infected when they breathe in or ingest spores in contaminated soil, plants, or water. People get infected with anthrax when spores get into the body. 

Cattle husbandry is done for two purposes milk production and agricultural work such as tilling, irrigation and carting.

Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Brucella. Various Brucella species affect sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, dogs, and other animals. Bovine brucellosis mainly affects rams, causing lesions in their reproductive organs (called epididymitis).