Tag: structure and function of neuron

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Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Statements (A, B, C, D) in List I have to be matched with statements (p, q, r, s) in List II.

List I List II
A Cyton p  The body of the nerve cell that contains the organelles.
B Dendrite q Receives the stimuli sent from another nerve or the outside environment.
C Axon r A fatty substance that covers the axon of the nerve cell and speeds.
D Myelin sheath s The long, thin section of the nerve cell where the impulse is transmitted across.

  1. A- p, B- q, C- s, D- r

  2. A- r, B- q, C- s, D- p

  3. A- r, B- s, C- q, D- p

  4. A- r, B- s, C- p, D- q
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cyton is the cell body of the neuron. It contains the nucleus.

Dendrites are the cellular extension from the cyton. They receive stimulus, which may be physical, chemical, mechanical or electrical, and pass it on to the cyton.
Axons are also known as nerve fibres which are a projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body.
Myelin sheath is also known as the medullary sheath. It is the envelope of myelin that surrounds the core of a nerve fiber or axon and that facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses, formed from the cell membrane of the Schwann cell in the peripheral nervous system and from oligodendroglia cells. 
So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Pigmented dendritic cells occur in

  1. Stratum Malpighii

  2. Stratum granulosum

  3. Stratum corneum

  4. Stratum lucidum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Epidermis is the outer part of skin, which is keratinised and composed of stratified squamous epithelium layers. In the structure of epidermis on the basis of shape of cells and cytoplasm, there are five stratum -
(1) Stratum Malpighii
(2) Stratum spinosum
(3) Stratum granulosum
(4) Stratum lucidum
(5) Stratum corneum
An innermost stratum of epidermis consisting of one layer of cells is called as stratum Malpighii. It is also called as stratum basale. Cells are cubical or columnar in shape. In this stratum two types of cells are present.

(i) Melanocytes - They are called pigmented dendritic cell. These cells are formed by modification of cell which lies at the junction of epidermis and dermis. 
(ii) Keratinocytes - They get their nutrition from underlying connective tissue of dermis and divide to form another stratum of the epidermis.

Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Nerve cells possess
(a) Dendrites
(b) Axon
(c) Sarcolemma
(d) Neurilemma

  1. a, b

  2. a, b, c

  3. a, b, d

  4. a, b, c, d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Each mammalian neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. The cell body contains the nucleus and cytoplasm. The axon extends from the cell body and often gives rise to many smaller branches before ending at nerve terminals. Dendrites extend from the neuron cell body and receive messages from other neurons. 

The dendrites are covered with synapses formed by the ends of axons from other neurons. 
Neurilemma is the outermost nucleated cytoplasmic layer of Schwann cells that surrounds the axon of the neuron. 
The sarcolemma also called the myolemma, is the cell membrane of a striated muscle fiber cell. It is not present in the nerve cells.

Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Nissl granules are mostly present in 

  1. Axon

  2. Cyton

  3. Dendron

  4. Schwann cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A Nissl body is a large granular body found in neurons. These granules are rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with rosettes of free ribosomes and are the site of protein synthesis. These are present in cyton of the nerve cell.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Which one of the following pairs of structure distinguishes a nerve cell from other types of cell?

  1. Flagellum and medullary sheath

  2. Nucleus and mitochondria

  3. Perikaryon and dendrites

  4. Vacuoles and fibres
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • The structural difference between a neuron and other kinds of cell include the perikaryon and dendrites.
  • The cell body of a neuron, known as perikaryon, has a large and round nucleus. Nissil granules are present in its cytoplasm forming the characteristic feature.
  • While dendrites are branched thread like structure arising from cyton which functions to receive impulses from sensory system and transfer it in form of electrical impulses to other neurons via the Axon.
So, the correct option is 'Perikaryon and Dendrites'.
Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Select the correct statement regarding the Schwann cells.

  1. Surround axon of myelinated nerve fibre

  2. Support muscle fibres

  3. Found in Haversian system of bones

  4. Form basement membrane of epithelium.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Schwann cell, also called neurilemma cell, any of the cells in the peripheral nervous system that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons. Myelin, which is a fatty layer that insulates the axon, helps to increase the saltatory conduction of the neuron. 
So, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice biology life processes: control and coordination nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

The core component of central nervous system is 

  1. Blood

  2. Neurons

  3. Ganglia

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Neurons are the basic units of the nervous system. Every neuron is made of a cell body (also called a soma), dendrites and an axon. Dendrites and axons are nerve fibres.
  • The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord
  • The human brain contains around 100 billion neurons.
  • Hence the core component of the central nervous system is  Neuron.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Neurons'.
Multiple choice biology life processes: control and coordination nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

A minute gap across which impulse pass by neurotransmitter is called as a 

  1. Cleft

  2. Synapse

  3. Nerve impulse

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The gap between two neurons across which impulses are conducted is known as a synapse. Synapse is a structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell. It is important for neuronal function. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology life processes: control and coordination nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Area of coming together of two neuron ends or between a dendron and axon ends is?

  1. Junction

  2. Synapsis

  3. Synapses

  4. Synapticula
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target effector cell. 
  • Synapses are stabilized in position by synaptic adhesion molecules (SAMs) projecting from both the pre- and post-synaptic neuron and sticking together where they overlap. Hence. Area of coming together of two neuron ends or between a dendron and axon ends is synapses.
So, the correct answer is 'synapses'.

Multiple choice biology life processes: control and coordination nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

A small gap that helps neurotransmitter to pass nerve impulse is called as

  1. Neuron

  2. Synapse

  3. Ganglia

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The gap between two neurons across which impulses are conducted is known as a synapse. The presynaptic is the region of the axonic end of one neuron and the post synaptic is the dendritic end of the other neuron. It is a structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell and acts as a communication point between the neuron and the target organ. The nerve impulses are transmitted and received with the help of this regions. 
Thus, the correct answer is option A.