Tag: objectives and reasons for the establishment of the united nations

The organs of the United Nations are established as separate entities to manage different aspects of international cooperation. Each organ has distinct functions defined by the UN Charter to ensure specialized handling of global issues.

The Security Council has 15 members, including five permanent members: China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The other 10 are elected by the General Assembly on the basis of geographical representation for two-year terms. So Japan is not a permanent member of UN Security Council.

Belgium, Dominician Republic, Indonesia, Germany and South Africa have begun to assume responsibility as non-permanent members of UN security council. India is not included in the list.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the UN’s main judicial organ. Presiding over the ICJ, or “World Court”, are 15 judges, each from a different nation, elected by the General Assembly and Security Council. The Court settles legal disputes between nations only and not between individuals, in accordance with international law. If a country does not wish to take part in a proceeding it does not have to do so, unless required by special treaty provisions. Once a country accepts the Court's jurisdiction, it must comply with its decision.

The World Bank gives loans to different countries for capital projects. The UN is not only responsible for maintaining international law but also responsible for keeping international peace and security. So only statements (a) and (c) are correct.

The General Assembly is the main deliberative organ of the United Nations and includes all its Members. It may discuss any matter arising under the UN Charter and make recommendations to UN Members (except on disputes or situations which are being considered by the Security Council). In the Assembly, each nation, large or small, has one vote and important decisions are taken by a two-thirds majority vote.

ILO or International Labour Organization has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland and strives to promote decent work standards for workers across the globe. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the main judicial body of the United Nations (UN) and has its court at the Peace Palace at the Hague in the Netherlands. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is based out of Paris and World Health Organization (WHO) has its headquarters in Geneva.

Five permanent members of United Nation's Security Council are USA, Russia, Britain, France and China.

After the First World War, the League of Nations was established to maintain peace in the world and to prevent wars. But it proved weak and failed to achieve its objectives. 

Specialised agencies are autonomous organisations working with the United Nations and each other through the coordinating machinery of the United Nations Economic and Social Council at the intergovernmental level. Following are the list of specialised agencies:

1. Food and Agriculture Organization 
2. International Civil Aviation Organization
3. International Fund for Agricultural Development
4. International Labour Organization
5. International Maritime Organization
6. International Monetary Fund
7. The International Telecommunication Union
8. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
9. United Nations Industrial Development Organization
10. The Universal Postal Union
11. World Bank Group
12. World Health Organization