Tag: lymph and tissue fluid

Coronary artery disease develops when the major blood vessels that supply our heart with blood, oxygen, and nutrients become damaged or diseased. The disease is caused when plaque blocks the arteries which supply blood to the heart.

Hemoglobin is a protein present in the red blood cells. The hemoglobin carries oxygen in the blood and transfers it in our body, it is the element that gives red color to our blood. Iron works as a booster towards hemoglobin production in the blood.

Cockroaches belong to phylum Arthropoda which has well developed the digestive system. The digestion of starch in the buccal cavity is followed by complete grinding of food in crop and gizzard which finally enters the stomach. The digestive enzymes secreted by the gastric caeca act upon the food in the stomach. These enzymes include amylase, maltase, invertase, tryptase and lipase. The remaining carbohydrates, proteins and fats are digested here.The digested food is absorbed through the stomach walls into the surrounding space which is called the haemocoel. The haemocoel consists of a large number of fat bodies which are fat cells having fat globules, protein granules and glycogen. They form storage structures which transport to different parts of the body. So, the correct answer is option C.

The oesophagus leads into the stomach. The stomach is a muscular sac. The stomach is the most important site of protein digestion. Stomach wall has peptic cells, chief cells secrete pepsinogen and oxyntic and parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid. The pepsinogen is activated to pepsin on exposure to hydrochloric acid. The pepsin is a chief proteolytic enzyme of the alimentary canal. Another important enzyme of the stomach is lysozyme which is antibacterial. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

The pylorus is a narrow cone shaped constriction present at the end of the stomach and the beginning of the small intestine. It contains two region antrum which connects the parts of the stomach and pyloric canal which connects the stomach and small intestine.  Thus, the correct answer is option B.

The gastric mucosa is present is in the inner wall of the stomach which secretes 1.2 to 1.5 litres of gastric juice per day. Gastric juice is a mixture of HCl, mucous and digestive enzymes which makes food particles soluble, initiates protein digestion and converts the gastric contents to a semiliquid mass called chyme, thus preparing it for further digestion in the small intestine. This juice is highly acidic because of its hydrochloric acid content, and it is rich in enzymes. 

Indigestion is inability to properly digest food resulting in abdominal distension due to gas or flatus. It is caused by overeating, spicy food, anxiety and disturbed secretions of digestive tract.

Anatomical dead space refers to the volume of the respiratory tract where gas exchange does not occur, such as the trachea and bronchi.

Gas exchange in the alveoli occurs via simple diffusion, where gases move from an area of higher partial pressure to an area of lower partial pressure across the respiratory membrane.

• The lowest part of pharynx is the laryngopharynx. It has two apertures, the anterior slit is 'glottis', through which it opens into the larynx and the posterior slit is 'gullet', which leads to the oesophagus.
• Thus, larynx opens into the pharynx by glottis. The glottis bear a leaf-like a cartilaginous flap, called the 'epiglottis'. Epiglottis cover the glottis during swallowing, to prevent the entry of food into it.
  Hence, the correct answer is B.