Tag: lymph and its function

Rabbit is herbivorous animal and depends on cellulose based food. It has no canines in jaw. The dental formula is  2 0 3 3 / 1 0 2 3 for incisors, canine, premolar and molars in each jaw. Thus the canines are absent. There is a gap in both the jaws at the location of canines. It is called as diastema. The total number of teeth in upper jaw are 16 and 12 teeth in lower jaw. The total number of teeth are 28. 

Palate is differentiated into two parts- (i) Hard Palate  and (ii) Soft Palate. 

Teeth are ecto-mesodermal in origin. Major portion of teeth arises from Dermis. Part of tooth present outside the gums only is derived from ectoderm or Epidermis (Enamel part). In human teeth of upper jaw are attached to the Maxilla bone. While teeth of lower jaw are attached to mandible jaw. But in rabbit upper incisors are attached to premaxilla. While upper premolars and molars attached to the maxilla bone. While lower teeth are attached to dentary bone. Dentary comprises of the lower jaw.

Carnassial tooth is the fourth premolar. In wild canines, it is the main tooth used to break up or crush hard material in their diet such as bones or large pieces of meat. 

The spleen plays important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood, which can be valuable in case of hemorrhagic shock, blood loss and also recycles iron. It purifies the blood and helps the immune system to recognize and attack foreign antibodies and disease. The spleen is composed of the red and white pulp. The white pulp produces and grows immune cell as well as blood cells. On the other hand, the red pulp is responsible for purifying the blood and removing dead or old blood cells.

Essentially, the spleen is a storage container and filter for blood, though it is part of the lymphatic system. In fact, it’s the largest lymph node in the body. One of its tasks is to remove harmful bacteria and viruses in the blood stream. Its other major task is removing or storing certain blood cells. The spleen is composed of two primary regions namely, red pulp and white pulp. The red pulp makes up for little more than three-fourth of the spleen. A region designated marginal zone is a transition area that separates it from the white pulp. Red pulp is red because it has many small cavities (sinusoids) where the spleen stores blood in case of injury or other situations where the body needs extra blood. This blood reserve has a high count of platelets, an essential component for blood coagulation to help stop bleeding. In liver, kidney and heart blood can not be stored. Thus, option A is correct.

The lymphatic system returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood. Of the fluid that leaves the capillary, about 90 percent is returned. The 10 percent that does not return becomes part of the interstitial fluid that surrounds the tissue cells. It helps in exchange of gasses, nutrients and removes the metabolic waste. It is devoid of RBC. So, the correct answer is option B.

The lymphatic system returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood. Of the fluid that leaves the capillary, about 90 percent is returned. The 10 percent that does not return becomes part of the interstitial fluid that surrounds the tissue cells. It helps in exchange of gasses, nutrients and removes the metabolic waste. It is devoid of RBC. It contains fewer proteins than plasma and lacks RBC.  So, the correct answer is option A.

Lymph is watery clear fluid or colorless because it lacks red blood cells (erythrocytes). It consists of plasma and white blood cells (leucocytes) only.

WBCs are divided into leucocytes and lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are further divided into macrophages and monocytes. These cells help in the engulfment of any foreign particles inhaled or ingested by our body. Lymphocytes are considered as soldier cells of our body. A Large proportion of these cells is found in the lymphatic system wherein the lymph is present. Thus lymph provides immunity. So, the correct answer is option A.