Tag: petroleum

Cresols, naphthalene, etc. represents the chief constituents of Creosote oil.

Ammonia liquor is prepared by dissolving Ammonia in water. Ammonia liquor is also known as ammonia water or some times known as ammonium hydroxide.
In aqueous solution, ammonia deprotonates a small fraction of the water to give ammonium and hydroxide according to the following equilibrium:
$ NH _3 +H _2O\rightarrow NH _4^{+} + OH^{-}$

During fractional distillation,  carbolic oil or middle oil is collected up to 170 - 230 $^o$.

During fractional distillation of coal-tar, the pitch is obtained as a residue.

50% benzol or 90% Toluol is named so because 50% of it distills upto 100 deg C and 90% of it distills between 110-140 deg C. 50% benzol or 90% Toluol consists mainly of xylenes and small amounts of benzene and toluene.

Benzene, toluene and xylene, obtained during fractional distillation of 50% benzol or 90% Toluol are used as solvents. They are also used in dry cleaning, as fuel and for preparing dyes, drugs, explosives etc.

All of the following statements are true.
When carbolic oil is cooled, naphthalene crystallizes out.
Naphthalene is purified by sublimation.
Naphthalene is used for manufacture of dyes, drugs, explosives etc.

The percent of xylene present in 90% benzol is 3-5%.

solvent naphtha or benzin is used as a solvent for paints, resins, rubber etc.

Light oil or crude naphtha contains pyridine.
Whereas middle oil or carbolic oil contains phenol and naphthalene and green oil contains anthracene.