Tag: thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

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Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Which of the following hormones coordinate with each other to maintain ideal blood $Ca$ level?

  1. Thyrocalcitonin and glucagon

  2. Parathyroid hormone and cortisol

  3. Thyrocalcitonin and Thyroxin

  4. Thyrocalcitonin and Parathyroid hormone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • In addition, tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroid gland also secretes a protein hormone called thyrocalcitonin. 
  • Thyrocalcitonin(TCT) lowers blood calcium levels. It counters the actions of parathyroid hormone which increases the blood calcium level.
  • The parathyroid glands monitor the calcium in the blood 24 hours per day. The four parathyroid glands make more or less parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to the level of calcium in the blood. When the calcium in our blood goes too low, the parathyroid glands make more PTH in order to increase the blood calcium levels.
  • Hence Thyrocalcitonin and Parathyroid hormones coordinate with each other to maintain ideal blood Ca level.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Thyrocalcitonin and Parathyroid hormone'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone affects blood

  1. Iron concentration

  2. Calcium concentration

  3. Potassium concentration

  4. Sodium concentration
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Parathyroid gland is present in the form of four small pouches which are embedded in the posterior surface of lobes of thyroid gland. This gland secretes parathormone which increases calcium reabsorption from the bones by dissolution and demineralisation and causes mobilisation of calcium in the blood. It is a hypercalcemic hormone.
Hence, parathyroid hormone or parathormone affects blood calcium level.
So, the correct answer is 'Calcium concentration'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Blood calcium is increased by administration of 

  1. Glucagon

  2. Thyroxine

  3. Parathormone

  4. Calcitonin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Glucagon is secreted from alpha cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. It increases blood sugar level by stimulating glycogenolysis (i.e. break down of glucose) and gluconeogenesis (synthesis of glucose).
B. Thyroxine is secreted from thyroid gland. It stimulates the consumption of oxygen by metabolically active tissues and also increases the oxidation of glucose in tissues. 
C. Parathormone is secreted from parathyroid gland and increases calcium reabsorption from the bones and causes mobilisation of calcium in the blood.
D. Calcitonin is secreted from the C-cells of thyroid gland and acts on bone and kidneys to reduce blood calcium level.
Hence, blood calcium level is increased by parathormone.
So, the correct answer is 'Parathormone'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Parathormone deficiency causes

  1. Goitre

  2. Hypocalcemia

  3. Hypercalcemia

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A. Goitre is the enlargement of thyroid gland which occurs due to deficiency of iodine in the body. When the iodine levels are low, thyroid gland becomes hyper active and enlarged to compensate the deficiency of thyroid hormone in the body. The enlarged thyroid gland is visible as a swelling in the throat known as goitre.
B. Hypocalcemia is the condition of reduced sugar levels in blood.
C. Hypercalcemia is the condition of increased sugar levels in blood.
Parathormone is secreted from the parathyroid hormone and increases blood calcium level by increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the bones. Hence, its deficiency will lead to decreased sugar levels in blood i.e. hypocalcemia.
So, the correct answer is 'Hypocalcemia'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Gland responsible for calcium metabolism is 

  1. Thymus

  2. Thyroid

  3. Parathyroid

  4. Adrenal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart. It secretes thymosin hormone which plays an important role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes.
B. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
C. Parathyroid gland is present in the form of four small pouches which are embedded in the posterior surface of lobes of thyroid gland. This gland secretes parathormone which increases calcium reabsorption from the bones and causes mobilisation of calcium in the blood.
D. Adrenal gland is present on upper side of kidneys and has two parts, adrenal cortex which secrete glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and sexocorticoids and adrenal medulla which secrete adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormone.
Hence, the gland responsible for calcium metabolism is parathyroid gland.
So, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

A person is having problems with calcium and phosphorus metabolism in his body. Which one of the following glands may not be functioning properly?

  1. Pancreas

  2. Parotid

  3. Parathyroid

  4. Thyroid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
 There are 4 types of parathyroid glands, two inferior and two superior, located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. the produce and secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH). It is also called as parathormone. PTH controls the calcium concentration in the blood. The main function is to regulate calcium absorption from the intestines and excretion of calcium by kidneys. It also helps release calcium from the bones into the bloodstream when there is dropping of calcium level in the body. The improper functioning of parathyroid may lead to problems in calcium metabolism. 
So, the correct option is 'Parathyroid'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Osteoporosis is caused by

  1. Fe$^{2+}$ defeciency
  2. Na$^+$ deficiency

  3. Parathormone hyposecretion

  4. Parathormone hypersecretion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Osteoporosis is a condition in which bone density decreases and bones become weak and brittle. It occurs due to hypersecretion of parathormone. Parathormone is secreted from the parathyroid hormone and increases blood calcium level by increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the bones. Over secretion of parathormone causes more calcium dissolution from the bones leading to decreased bone density.
So, the correct answer is 'Parathormone hypersecretion'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Hormone regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body is secreted by 

  1. Thyroid

  2. Parathyroid

  3. Thymus

  4. Pancreas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
B. Parathyroid gland is present in the form of four small pouches which are embedded in the posterior surface of lobes of thyroid gland. This gland secretes parathormone which increases calcium reabsorption from the bones and causes mobilisation of calcium in the blood. This hormone also regulates phosphate excretion through urine.
C. Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart. It secretes thymosin hormone which plays an important role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes.
D. Pancreas is a heterocrine gland as it acts both as endocrine and exocrine gland. It secretes insulin hormone into blood and act as endocrine gland and when it secretes digestive enzymes and juice through pancreatic duct, it acts as exocrine gland.
Hence, hormone regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body.
So, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Parathormone is secreted when there is 

  1. Increased Ca$^{2+}$ level in blood
  2. Decreased blood Ca$^{2+}$ level

  3. Increased blood sugar level

  4. Decreased blood sugar level
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The parathyroid glands secrete a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone or parathormone (PTH). The release of parathromone is regulated by the circulating levels of calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) ions in the blood. PTH plays an important role in calcium balance of the body. It maintains the calcium balance between the blood and other tissues. When the calcium level in the blood decreases, parathyroid hormone is released in order to increase the calcium level in the blood. PTH acts on bones and other skeletal structure and mobilizes the calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) from the bones into the blood. This is called bone resorption/dissolution/demineralization. The parathromone also increases the reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and absorption of calcium from the digested food. Hence, PTH (parathormone) is a hypercalcemic hormone that increases the blood calcium levels.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) control the levels of which of the following ions in blood?

  1. Calcium

  2. Sodium

  3. Potassium

  4. Chloride
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The thyroid gland secretes a protein hormone called thyrocalcitonin (TCT) which regulates the blood calcium levels. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases the calcium levels in the blood. It also stimulates reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and increases calcium absorption from the digested food.

So the correct answer is calcium.