Tag: the human brain

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Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibres arise from ................. spinal segments.

  1. Thoracic and lumbar

  2. Thoracic and sacral

  3. Brain and lumbar

  4. Brain and sacral

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Parasympathetic nerve fibres arise from the central nervous system with the $S _2$, $S _3$, and $S _4$ spinal nerves and from the third, seventh, ninth, and tenth cranial nerves. Because of its location, the parasympathetic system is commonly referred to as having craniosacral outflow.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

The part of nervous system which controls the heart beat rate is called

  1. Central NS

  2. PNS

  3. ANS

  4. Somatic NS
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The autonomous nervous system control the heart beat rate via cardio regulatory centre in medulla oblongata. The emergency conditions activate the sympathetic motor nerve and make the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine and nor-epinephrine which in turn increase the heart beat rate.  Thus, the correct answer is C. The central nervous system (Central NS) includes brain and spinal cord. It integrates and stores the sensory information from external and internal sense organs and commands different organs to respond accordingly. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) lies outside the central nervous system and is further divided into somatic and autonomic nervous system. It serves to carry the sensory information from external sensory receptors to CNS and motor signals from CNS to skeletal muscles via its somatic division (the voluntary actions). The autonomic division of peripheral nervous system controls the cardiac and smooth muscles and glands, thereby the functioning of internal organs, without our conscious control (the involuntary actions). On the other hand, vagus nerve conducts the parasympathetic motor impulses which in turn slow down the hearth beat rate by effect of acetylcholine; a neurotransmitter released by parasympathetic nervous system. 

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

One of the examples of the action of the autonomous nervous system is

  1. Knee-jerk response

  2. Pupillary reflex

  3. Swallowing of food

  4. Peristalsis of the intestines

  5. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Esophageal peristalsis and sphincter function are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Swallowing is a complex mechanism using both skeletal muscle (tongue) and smooth muscles of the pharynx and esophagus. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) coordinates this process in the pharyngeal and esophageal phases. Knee jerk is a sudden kicking of the lower leg after the tendon below knee cap has been tapped. The pupillary reflex is also controlled by autonomic nervous system.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Acetylcholine is the secretion of

  1. Pituitary gland

  2. Sympathetic nervous system

  3. Parasympathetic nervous system

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that is released by the presynaptic nerve fibres into the synaptic cleft which is received by the receptors on the post-synaptic nerves. It allows the transfer of the information from the presynaptic neuron to the post-synaptic neurons. The preganglionic and the post-ganglionic parasympathetic nerves are cholinergic because they secrete the acetylcholine. The preganglionic nerve fibres of the sympathetic nervous system are also cholinergic.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Parasympathetic nervous system'

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Vagus nerve is composed mainly of parasympathetic fibres. The preganlionic fibres form a net work in the walls of the organs. This network is known as

  1. Choroid plexus

  2. Nervous plexus

  3. Auerbach plexus

  4. Brachial plexus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Auerbach plexus is the interwoven network of the vagus nerve in the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscles of the muscularis layer of the visceral organs. 

A. The choroid plexus is present in the ventricles of the brain.
B. Nervous plexus is the bundle of the neurons.
C. Auerbach plexus is present in the muscularis of the visceral organs.
D. Brachial plexus is present in the spinal cord formed by four lower cervical spinal nerves and the first thoracic spinal nerve.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Auerbach plexus'

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

The self governing nervous system is known as

  1. Central nervous system

  2. Peripheral nervous system

  3. Autonomic nervous system

  4. Sympathetic nervous system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The peripheral nervous system is that connects the body organs with brain and the spinal cord is divided into two parts:

  1. Somatic nervous system: The neurons of this system innervate those muscles that are controlled by the voluntary consciousness for example, muscles of limbs, neck, tongue etc.
  2. Autonomic nervous system: The neurons of this system innervates the visceral organs and their effects are not controlled by the conscious brain. They function involuntarily. So, these are the self-governing part of the nervous system. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system are classified under the autonomic nervous system.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Autonomic nervous system'

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

A person entering an empty room suddenly finds a snake right in front on opening the door. Which one of the following is likely to happen in his neuro-hormonal control system?

  1. Sympathetic nervous system is activated releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla

  2. Neurotransmitters diffuse rapidly across the cleft and transmit a nerve impulse

  3. Hypothalamus activates the parasympathetic division of brain

  4. Sympathetic nervous system is activated releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal cortex.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the adrenal medulla and nervous system respectively. They are the flight/fight hormones that are released when the body is under extreme stress. They are also called as emergency hormone as it initiates quick reaction which makes the individual to think and respond quickly to the stress. The hormone increases metabolic rate. Dilation of blood vessels going to heart and the brain occurs. So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Comparing the somatic nervous system with the autonomic nervous system, which of the following statement is true?

  1. Autonomic nervous system produces involuntary movement in skeletal muscle

  2. Somatic nervous system produces voluntary movement in glands and smooth muscle

  3. Autonomic nervous system produces voluntary movement in smooth muscle and glands

  4. Autonomic nervous system produces involuntary movement in smooth muscle, viscera and glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that supplies that internal organs, including the blood vessels, stomach, intestine, liver, kidneys, and digestive glands.

So, the correct option is 'Autonomic nervous system produces involuntary movement in smooth muscle, viscera and glands'.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Premotor area of brain is the highest centre of

  1. Thinking

  2. Autonomous nervous system

  3. Movements of involuntary muscles

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The premotor area occurs in the frontal lobe of the cerebrum. It is made up of the neurons that form the part of the autonomous nervous system and movements of the involuntary muscles like movements of pharynx and larynx. The prefrontal cortex of the frontal lobe is concerned with thinking and reasoning.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Parasympathetic nervous system is also termed as

  1. Visceral

  2. Thoracico-lumbar

  3. Cranio-sacral

  4. Mesenteric
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The parasympathetic nervous system is a division of the autonomic nervous system. The preganglionic nerve fibres of this system arise from the brain which includes cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X, that is, the oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, as well as from the sacral region of the spinal cord, that is, ramus communicans 2, 3 and 4. The sympathetic nervous system is called the thoracico-lumbar.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Cranio-sacral'