Tag: branches of biotechnology

Questions Related to branches of biotechnology

The recent techniques used for separating fragments of DNA is

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. Northern blotting

  2. Southern blotting

  3. Eastern blotting

  4. Western blotting

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Southern blotting is a common technique used in molecular biology to separate and characterize DNA. Southern blotting is a technique used to determine the presence of a specific DNA sequence within a mixture via agarose gel electrophoresis. The Northern blot is a technique used in molecular biology research to study gene expression by detection of RNA (or isolated mRNA) in a sample. The Eastern blot is a biochemical technique used to analyze protein post translational modifications such as lipids, phospho-moieties and glycoconjugates. Western blotting is an adaptation of the Southern blot procedure, used to identify specific amino-acid sequences in proteins.

DNA sequence comparison is a powerful tool in studying evolution. However, there are limitations to what it can tell us about the history of life on Earth.
What is a limitation of this technology?

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. It is only possible to obtain DNA samples from extant or recently extinct species.

  2. It is possible that an organism will have genes for non-functional proteins.

  3. Mutations can occur randomly in genomes.

  4. There is greater variation in DNA sequences that in amino acid sequences.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
DNA sequence comparison tools like BLAST, CLUSTAL W etc are some of the powerful tools used in understanding the similarity, relatedness and other phylogenetic studies between two or more sequences at the same time. Mutations act as the limitation of DNA sequence comparison technology as they can occur randomly throughout the genome with time and hence could distort the sequence comparison results and hamper the assessment for statistical significance.
so, the correct answer is 'Mutations can occur randomly in genomes'

Which one of the following is related with genetic engineering?

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. Plasmids

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Mutations

  4. Ribosomes

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In molecular cloning, a vector is a DNA molecule used as a vehicle or carrier which carries the desired gene from donor to recipient cell, where it can be replicated and/or expressed. The plasmid is extrachromosomal circular DNA which acts as vector DNA. The plasmid is the most important vector as it possesses multiple cloning sites, an origin of replication and a selectable marker.

Using recombinant DNA technology, genes from a donor cell can be inserted into a bacterium for DNA replication and protein synthesis. The kind of cells that can be used as gene donors in this technology are

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. Bacteria only

  2. Either yeast or bacteria

  3. Eukaryotic cells only

  4. Any of these

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The production of a recombined bacterium using a gene from a foreign donor and the synthesis of a protein encoded by the recombinant DNA molecule. The genes used as a donor in recombinant DNA technology are commonly obtained from bacteria, yeast or any eukaryotic host organism. 

So, the correct option is 'Option D' .

In genetic engineering, a DNA segment (gene) of interest is transferred to the host cell through a vector. Consider the following four agents in this regard and select the correct option about which one or more of these can be used as a vector/vectors?
(i) Bacterium
(ii) Plasmid
(iii) Plasmodium
(iv) Enzyme

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. (ii) only

  2. (i) and (ii) only

  3. (i), (iii) and (iv)

  4. (iv) only

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In molecular cloning, a vector is a DNA molecule used as a transport to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell, where it can be replicated and expressed. A vector containing foreign DNA is termed recombinant DNA. The four major types of vectors are plasmids, viral vectors, cosmids, and artificial chromosomes. Of these, the most commonly used vectors are plasmids.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.