Tag: measurement of properties

Questions Related to measurement of properties

Centigrade or Celsius scale can be converted into Kelvin scale by which of the following formula?

chemistry matter around us measurement of properties effect of temperature and pressure on states of matter general introduction: importance and scope of chemistry

  1. $^oC =$ Temperature in Kelvin $+ 273.15$

  2. $^oC =$ Temperature in Kelvin $ - 273.15$

  3. $^oC =$ Temperature in Fahrenheit $+ 273$

  4. $^oC =$ Temperature in Fahrenheit $ - 273$

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Zero on the Celsius scale $(0^0C)$ is now defined as the equivalent to $273.15K$, with a temperature difference of $1\ ^o C$ equivalent to a difference of $1\ K$, meaning the unit size in each scale is the same.


$T _c=T _k-273.15$

$T _k=$Temperature in kelvin.
$T _c=$Temperature in celsius.

So, the correct option is $B$

 Thermometer that can measure rapidly changing temperature is:

chemistry matter around us measurement of properties effect of temperature and pressure on states of matter general introduction: importance and scope of chemistry

  1. Mercury-in-glass thermometer

  2. Alcohol-in-glass thermometer

  3. Platinum resistance thermometer

  4. Thermocouple thermometer

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Thermometer that can measure rapidly changing temperature is thermocouple thermometer.
Advantages of a thermocouple thermometer:
(a) Easy to read by using a pointer or a digital display.
(b) Wide range of temperature $- 200^oC to 1600^oC$
(c) It has has a small thermal capacity and is used to measure rapidly changing temperatures.

A solution of hydrochloric acid is required for an experiment. The experimenter must first prepare the solution for use by diluting $10.0 mL$ of the hydrochloric acid to create $200 mL$ of the solution.
Which of the following would be the poorest choice of glassware for measuring the solute for the dilution?

chemistry matter around us measurement of properties effect of temperature and pressure on states of matter general introduction: importance and scope of chemistry

  1. A graduated cylinder

  2. A volumetric flask

  3. A burrette

  4. A volumetric pipette

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
$\text{Option A is correct.}$
$\text{A graduated cylinder,measuring cylinder or mixing cylinder is a common piece of laboratory equipment }$$\text{used to measure the volume of a liquid}$

Select the correct statement(s):

chemistry matter around us measurement of properties effect of temperature and pressure on states of matter general introduction: importance and scope of chemistry

  1. The celsius scale is the fundamental unit of the temperature scale.

  2. Kelvin scale defined as $273.16$ of the triple point (equilibrium among the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases) of pure water.

  3. It is defined as $\frac{ 1 }{ 273.16}$ of the triple point (equilibrium among the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases) of pure water.

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Options A and B are incorrect. The Kelvin scale is the fundamental unit of the Temperature scale. It is defined as $\frac{ 1 }{ 273.16 }$ of the triple point (equilibrium among the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases) of pure water. Hence, option C is correct.

Mathematical relation for conversion of Temperature from Celsius scale to Fahrenheit scale is:

chemistry matter around us measurement of properties effect of temperature and pressure on states of matter general introduction: importance and scope of chemistry

  1. $F = \frac{ 5 }{ 9} C + 32$

  2. $C = \frac{ 9 }{ 5 }F + 32$

  3. $F =\frac{ 9 }{ 5 }C + 32$

  4. $F =\frac{ 9 }{ 5 }C - 32$

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
$T _C =(T _F - 32) \frac { 5 }{ 9 }$
${ T } _{ F }=(\frac { 9 }{ 5 } \times { T } _{ C })+32$
$T _C=$Temperature in celsius scale.
$T _F=$Temperature in Fahrenheit scale.
Option C is correct.

The boiling point of water on the Kelvin scale is:

chemistry matter around us measurement of properties effect of temperature and pressure on states of matter general introduction: importance and scope of chemistry

  1. $373.15 K$

  2. $273.15 K$

  3. $373 K$

  4. $374.15 K$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the liquid changes into a vapor.
Boiling point of water is $100^0C$

To convert kelvin scale, we have to add 273.15 to $^0C$ scale value
So,
$100^0C=100+273.15=373.15K$

Hence, option $A$ is correct.

Which temperature scale is the primary unit of measurement and analysis in the physical world?

chemistry matter around us measurement of properties effect of temperature and pressure on states of matter general introduction: importance and scope of chemistry

  1. Celsius Scale

  2. Kelvin Scale

  3. Fahrenheit Scale

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The kelvin is a unit of measure for temperature based upon an absolute scale. It is one of the seven base units in the International System of Units (SI) and is assigned the unit symbol K.
The Kelvin scale is an absolute, thermodynamic temperature scale using as its null point absolute zero, the temperature at which all thermal motion ceases in the classical description of thermodynamics. 
The correct answer is B.

What temperature scale must always be used when working gas law problems?

chemistry matter around us measurement of properties effect of temperature and pressure on states of matter general introduction: importance and scope of chemistry

  1. Celsius Scale

  2. Kelvin Scale

  3. Rankine Scale

  4. Fahrenheit scale

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
You should always use the Kelvin scale to measure temperatures of gases for use with the gas laws. 
Imagine you have a gas at 1$^0C$ and it is heated to $2^0C$. Just using Celsius temperatures you have doubled the temperature when in reality the amount of additional kinetic energy of a gas at $2^0C$ is only slightly higher than a gas at $1^0C.$
Also, imagine working a problem where you would need to divide by a temperature of $0^0C$. Wouldn't work! You have the same issue at $0K$, but since the material would not be a gas at $0K$ it is not an issue.
So we use kelvin scale always in gas problems.Option B is correct.

Kelvin scale has:

chemistry matter around us measurement of properties effect of temperature and pressure on states of matter general introduction: importance and scope of chemistry

  1. no fixed points

  2. one fixed point.

  3. two fixed points

  4. none of these

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In Kelvin scale, temperature is expressed in Kelvin. In SI system, Kelvin is the unit of temperature. In this scale of temperature, zero of the scale corresponds to $-273^0C$, which is said to be the temperature at which the volume of a gas reduces to zero. Hence, $-273^0C$ is also known as the absolute zero. For the same reason, this scale of temperature is also known as absolute scale of temperature. On this scale, the lower fixed point i.e. the temperature of melting ice at normal pressure is +273K and the upper fixed point i.e. the temperature of boiling water at normal pressure is 373K. 

Which of the following are incorrect SI units?

chemistry matter around us measurement of properties effect of temperature and pressure on states of matter general introduction: importance and scope of chemistry

  1. Amount of substance in mol L$^{-1}$

  2. Pressure of gas in pascal

  3. Density of a solid in kg m$^{-3}$

  4. Force in newton

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The SI units is based on seven base units. These are metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole and candela.

Here Pascal is SI unit of pressure
Newton is unit of force

Amount of substance has a SI unit $mol/ m^3$
Option A is the incorrect SI Unit.