Tag: application of biotechnology in medicine

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Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

The first hormone artificially produced by culturing bacteria is

  1. Insulin

  2. Thyroxine

  3. Testosterone

  4. Adrenalin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Human insulin is the synthetic insulin which is grown in the laboratories. Human insulin is laboratory created by growing insulin proteins within E.coli bacteria (Escherichia coli). The newly constructed plasmids containing the transplanted genetic material are introduced into a benign E. coli bacterial strain. Once inside the bacteria, the genes are activated by the bacteria to form the protein chains found in insulin

So, the correct answer is 'Insulin'

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Genetically engineered bacteria have been used in the commercial production of 

  1. Thyroxine

  2. Testosterone

  3. Human insulin

  4. Melatonin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Recombinant DNA technology is widely used for the commercial production of human insulin using genetically engineered bacteria like E. coli.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Genetically engineered bacteria have been used in commercial production of

  1. Thyroxin

  2. Testosterone

  3. Human insulin

  4. Melatonin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In the 1980s, researchers used genetic engineering to manufacture a human insulin. In 1982, the Eli Lilly Corporation produced a human insulin that became the first approved genetically engineered pharmaceutical product. Human insulin is grown in the lab inside common bacteria. Escherichia coli is by far the most widely used type of bacterium used. Synthesizing human insulin is a multi-step biochemical process that depends on basic recombinant DNA techniques and an understanding of the insulin gene. DNA carries the small segment of the DNA, the insulin gene, which codes for the protein insulin. Manufacturers manipulate the biological precursor to insulin so that it grows inside simple bacteria.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Cyanogen bromide is employed in ____________.

  1. Genetic finger printing

  2. Tissue culture

  3. Synthesis of humulin

  4. Hybridoma technology
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cyanogen bromide is a chemical reagent used in the production of humulin to cleave the fusion protein at specific methionine residues, separating the insulin polypeptide from the beta-galactosidase carrier protein.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

During the processing of proinsulin into mature insulin

  1. C-peptide is added to proinsulin

  2. C-peptide is removed from proinsulin

  3. B-peptide is added to proinsulin

  4. B-peptide is removed from proinsulin.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Insulin is used for diabetes which is synthesised by a pro-hormone present in humans. The prohormone needs to be processed to become a fully mature and functional hormone as it contains an extra stretch called the C peptide which is not present in the mature insulin. 

So, the correct option is 'Option B' .

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Some of the steps involved in the production of humulin are given. Choose the correct sequence (i) Synthesis of gene (DNA) for human insulin artificially (ii) Culturing recombinant E.coli in bioreactors (iii) Purification of humulin (iv) Insertion of human insulin gene into plasmid (v) Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E. coli (vi) Extraction of recombinant gene product from E. coli.

  1. ii, i, iv, iii, v, vi

  2. i, iii, v, vi, ii, iv

  3. i, iv, v, ii, vi, iii

  4. iii, v, ii, i, vi, iv
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The correct sequence is

1.Synthesis of the gene for human insulin artificially.
2.Insertion of human insulin.
3.Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli
4. Culturing recombinant E.coli in bioreactors.
5.Extraction of a recombinant gene product from E.
6.Purification of Humulin.
So, the correct option is 'i, iv, v, ii, vi, iii'.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Which of the following statements is not correct? 

  1. Insulin used for diabetic patients was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs which was more efficient than that the genetically engineered insulin

  2. PCR technique is applied to detect HIV in Suspected AIDS patients and to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients

  3. Bone marrow transplantation requires periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes

  4. Bio-remediation is the one of the applications of biotechnology
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Earlier, insulin used for curing diabetes used to be extracted from pancreas of slaughtered pigs and cattle. This insulin was slightly different from human insulin and caused some undesirable side effects such as allergy. Genetically engineered insulin is a far more efficient.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Select the correct options to fill up the blanks.
(i) ___enzymes is crucial for the immune system to function and its absence is caused by the deletion of a gene.
(ii) Insulin consists of _and _that are linked together by _.
(iii) Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the __.
(iv)___involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA. 

  1. (i) Adenosine deaminase (ii) A-chain, B-chain, disulfide bridges (iii) polio vaccine (iv) RNAi

  2. (i) RNAi (ii) A-chain, B-chain, disulphide bridges (iii) adenosine deaminase (iv) polio vaccine

  3. (i) Adenosine deaminase (ii) A-chain, B-chain, hydrogen bonds (iii) polio vaccine (iv) RNAi

  4. (i) RNAi (ii) A-chain, B-chain, non-covalent bridges (iii)polio vaccine (iv) adenosine deaminase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Adenosine deaminase enzymes is crucial for the immune system to function and its absence is caused by the deletion of a gene. It is cured by the gene therapy.
  • Insulin consists of chain A and chain B that are linked together by disulphide bridges. 
  •  Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine.
  • RNAi involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA. 
So, the correct option is 'Option A' .

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

The first step in production of insulin using E.coli is

  1. Isolation of mRNA transcribing for insulin pancreas cell.

  2. Isolation of nucleotides transcribing for insulin from pancreas cell.

  3. Isolation of gene producing insulin from human DNA.

  4. Attachment of gene producing insulin from human DNA to plasmid using ligase.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Scientists synthesized in the laboratory genes for the two insulin "A" and "B" chains. This is accomplished by chemically linking together small pieces of DNA sequence and then joining them in a specific manner to form complete genes. Once the genes were synthesized, they are attached into circular DNA strands called as plasmids. The newly constructed plasmids containing the transplanted genetic material were introduced into a benign E. coli bacterial strain.