Tag: application of biotechnology in medicine

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Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Multiple Choice Question

Which one of the following is now being commercially produced by biotechnological procedures?

  1. Nicotine

  2. Morphine

  3. Quinine

  4. Insulin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biotechnology refers to technology used to manipulate DNA. The procedures are often referred to as genetic engineering. DNA is the genetic material of all living organisms and all organisms use the same genetic code. Genes from one kind of organism can be transcribed and translated when put into another kind of organism. For example, human and other genes are routinely put into bacteria in order to synthesize products for medical treatment and commercial use. Human insulin, human growth hormone, and vaccines are produced by bacteria.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Globular protein of ~ 6kDaconsisting of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains held by disulphide bridge is

  1. Insulin

  2. Fibrinogen

  3. Glucagon

  4. Keratin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Insulin is a small globular protein consisting of 51 amino acids arranged in two chains (A and B) connected by disulfide bridges.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Which one of correct?

  1. Centromere is found in animal cells which produces aster during cell division

  2. Insulin gene is present in every body cell

  3. Nucleosome is formed of nucleotides

  4. DNA has a core of eight histones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Every somatic cell in the human body contains the complete genome, including the gene for insulin, although it is only expressed in the beta cells of the pancreas.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Maturation of proinsulin into insulin takes place after

  1. Joining of c-peptide

  2. Removal of c-peptide

  3. Removal of disulphide bridge

  4. Addition of disulphide bridge
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Proinsulin is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain that must undergo post-translational processing, specifically the removal of the C-peptide, to become mature, active insulin.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Recombinant DNA bearing ampicillin resistance gene is passed in E. coli. The latter are spread on agar plates containing ampicillin. Then

  1. Both transformed and untransformed cells die

  2. Both transformed and untransformed cells grow

  3. Transformed recipient cells grow and untransformed cells die

  4. Transformed recipient cells die and untransformed cells grow
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The ampicillin resistance gene acts as a selectable marker. Only cells that have taken up the recombinant plasmid (transformed cells) will survive and grow on the agar plates containing ampicillin, while untransformed cells will be killed.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Escherichia coli having plasmids for production of human insulin is cultured in medium containing __________.

  1. Glucose

  2. Maltose

  3. Lactose

  4. Sucrose
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In the production of human insulin using E. coli, the insulin gene is typically placed under the control of the lac promoter. Lactose (or its analog IPTG) is added to the culture medium to induce the expression of the gene.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Some of the steps involved in the production of humulin are given below. Choose the correct sequence
(i)   Synthesis of insulin gene artificially
(ii)  Culturing recombinant E. coli in bioreactors
(iii) Purification of humulin
(iv) Insertion of human insulin gene into a plasmid
(v)  Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli
(vi) Extraction of a recombinant gene product from E. coli

  1. ii, i, iv, iii, v, vi

  2. i, iv, v, ii, vi, iii

  3. i, iii, v, vi, ii, iv

  4. iii, v, ii, i, vi, iv
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The correct sequence starts with synthesizing the gene (i), inserting it into a plasmid (iv), introducing the plasmid into E. coli (v), culturing the bacteria (ii), extracting the product (vi), and finally purifying the protein (iii).

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

In the technique of recombinant insulin production, the genes for $\alpha$- and $\beta$ - polypeptides were inserted into the plasmid by the side of __________.

  1. Antibiotic resistance gene

  2. Lac Z promoter gene
  3. $\beta$-galactosidase gene

  4. Ori
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In early recombinant insulin production, the insulin polypeptide genes were fused to the beta-galactosidase gene (lacZ) to ensure stable expression and to produce a fusion protein.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Human insulin is being commercially produced from transgenic species of _____________.

  1. E. coli

  2. Brassica napus

  3. Bacillus thuringiensis

  4. Agrobacterium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Human insulin is produced from genetically engineered E.coli. By using genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology, insulin-producing genes from human beings have been transferred into E.coli. bacteria, which produced insulin called 'humulin' for clinical use. This type of insulin was produced commercially by an American pharmaceutical firm Eli Lily on 5th July, 1983.


So, the correct answer is 'E.coli'.