Tag: socialism in europe and the russian revolution

On February 21, 1848, The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx with the assistance of Friedrich Engels, was published in London by a group of German-born revolutionary socialists known as the Communist League.

Tsar Nicholas II was the last Czar of the Russian empire, succeeded his father in 1894. Nicholas and his wife Alexandra of Hesse were coroneted as ruler in 1896. As a ruler he instructed the building of the Trans-Siberian railroad. He took charge of the military during World War I and left his wife and her advisor to internal social affairs. Years of discontent in policies in Russia and led the Russian revolution and in 1918 Nicholas and his family were executed. It was under his authority that Russia aligned itself with Serbia that began a cascade toward war. With his defeat, Russia could no longer support the war and retracted.

Bloody Sunday is the name given to the events of Sunday, 22 January 1905 in St Petersburg, Russia, when unarmed demonstrators led by Father Georgy Gapon were fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard as they marched towards the Winter Palace to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.

Lenin used the slogan "All power to the soviets!" to oppose the Provisional Government led by Kerensky. Based on the Bolshevik view of the state, the word soviet extended its meaning to any overarching body that obtained the authority of a group of soviets.

The Russian Revolution took place in 1917, during the final phase of World War I. It removed Russia from the war and brought about the transformation of the Russian Empire into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), replacing Russia's traditional monarchy with the world's first Communist state.

The workers' revolts in St. Petersburg, particularly during the 1905 revolution, were driven by poor working conditions, low pay, and long working hours.

He led the workers, the common people and the intellectuals of Russia and marched to the royal palace where the people were attacked by the soldiers of the Tsar in 1905 on a Sunday. The event is known as Bloody Sunday.

(i) Nicholas II :- Nicholas II was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917.

(ii) Imperialism :- Imperialism is an action that involves a country extending its power by the acquisition of territories. It may also include the exploitation of these territories, an action that is linked to colonialism.

(iii) Socialism :- Socialism is a range of economic and social system characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of producttion, as well as the political ideologies, theories and movements that aim to establish them.

(iv) Christoper Columbus :-  Christoper Columbus was an Italian explorer, navigator. who discovered "New World" of America.

In Jan, 1905 under the leadership of Father Georgii Gapon drafted a petition for the improved working condition and some political reforms for the steel workers of St. Petersburg. This petition led to shooting of several hundred workers outside Winter Palace.

Lenin was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He is considered to be first communist revolutionary in the world. Lenin was founder of the Russian Communist Party. He was the leader of the Bolshevik Revolution and architect and first head of the Soviet state. He developed political theories which are known as Leninism. Leninism is the political theory for the democratic organisation of a revolutionary vanguard party and the achievement of a dictatorship of the proletariat, as political prelude to the establishment of socialism.