Tag: parts of respiration

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Multiple choice zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes. 

Column I Column II
(A) Trachea (i) $PO _{2}$ in alveolar air 
(B) Respiratory centre (ii) ATP 
(C) Yeast (iii) Cartilaginous rings
(D) Insects (iv) Medullaoblongata
(E) Fish (v) Larynx
(F) Biologically useful energy (vi) Tracheal respiration
(G) 100mm Hg (vii) Ethanol
(H) Vocal cords (viii) Branchial respiration

  1. A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(vii), D-(vi), E-(viii), F-(ii), G-(i), H-(v)

  2. A-(v), B-(ii), C-(vii), D-(viii), E-(vi), F-(iv), G-(i), H-(iii)

  3. A-(vi), B-(iv), C-(viii), D-(v), E-(i), F-(ii), G-(iii), H-(vii)

  4. A-(i), B-(v), C-(vii), D-(iii), E-(viii), F-(ii), G-(iv), H-(vi)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Trachea consists of C-shaped cartilaginous rings that support the walls of the trachea and prevent its collapse during inspiration. 
  • Respiratory centre is located in the medulla oblongata. 
  • Yeast undergoes anaerobic respiration to produce ethanol and $CO _{2}$. 
  • The type of respiration in insects and fish is tracheal respiration and branchial respiration respectively. 
  • ATP is a biologically useful energy produced during respiration. 
  • The partial pressure of $O _{2}$ in alveolar air is approximately 104 mm Hg. 
  • Vocal cords are present inside the larynx.
So the current option is A.

Multiple choice zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

State whether the following statements are true or false.
Because $NAD^+$ and FAD are critical coenzymes in cellular respiration, huge quantities must be synthesized in the cell to ensure there is no shortage.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

NAD+ and FAD are co-enzymes required for the completion of many biochemical pathways. However, there is no need for an enormous amount of synthesis of either of these co-enzymes as there as a mechanism of recycling the co-enzymes after completion of one step in the metabolic pathway. These co-enzymes are predominantly required for the synthesis of ATP (energy currency of the cell) and will be used in the electron transport chain for the production of the same. So, they are not required to be synthesized in huge quantities but they play a crucial role in cell energetics.

So, the correct statement is 'False'. 

Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

Anaerobic process that takes place after glycolysis is called as

  1. TCA

  2. Calvin cycle

  3. Krebs cycle

  4. Fermentation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Anaerobic process after glycolysis is called as fermentation. Fermentation could be defined as a metabolic process, that converts sugar into acids, gases and alcohol. It occurs in yeast and bacteria, but also in oxygen-starved muscle cells, as in the case of lactic acid fermentation.

Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

What is common in common pathway of aerobic respiration

  1. Glycolysis in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration

  2. Krebs cycle common with HMP

  3. Terminal oxidation in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration

  4. Krebs cycle in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Aerobic respiration is the oxidative breakdown of respiratory substrates with the help of atmospheric oxygen. It takes place in three steps: Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle and electron transport chain. Anaerobic respiration is the breakdown of respiratory substrates in the absence of atmospheric oxygen. The first step of aerobic respiration as well as anaerobic respiration is same and takes place in the cytoplasm of cells. Glycolysis is the common pathway of both the processes in which glucose is broken down anaerobically into two molecules of pyruvic acid. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

Read the following four statements (A-D)
A) In fermentation, less than seven percent of the energy in glucose is released
B) Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and is present only in anaerobic organisms
C) The number of ATP molecules synthesized in ETS depends on the nature of the electron donor
D) In glycolysis, glucose undergoes coin, complete oxidation to form two molecules pyruvic acid
How Many of the above statements are correct?

  1. 1

  2. 2

  3. 3

  4. 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A) In fermentation, less than seven percent of the energy in glucose is released because only two ATPs are produced at this stage compared to the total number of 32 ATPs in aerobic respiration. The percentage of energy produced is thus (2/32)*100=6.25%.


C) When electrons are transferred from one carrier to next carrier via complexes I to IV in ETS, they are coupled to the production of proton motive force by transport of protons from the lumen to the inner mitochondrial membrane. The number of protons displaced will ultimately determine the number of ATP molecules that will be produced, i.e. for NADH it will be 2.5 and for FADH2 it will be 1.5.


So, the correct option is '2'.

Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

If one triose phosphate completely oxidized inside the prokaryotic cell, then the net gain of ATP of energy is equal to

  1. $5$ ATP
  2. $4$ ATP
  3. $20$ ATP
  4. $19$ ATP
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

If one triose phosphate completely oxidized inside the prokaryotic cell, then the net gain of ATP of energy is equal to the summation of the ATPs produced at different steps. In the glycolysis step 2 ATP and 1 NADH will be produced followed by 1 NADH in the gateway reaction and 1 GTP, 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 in the TCA cycle. This will add up to 20 ATPs.


So, the correct option is '20 ATP'.

Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

The total number of ATP's formed when one molecule of glucose is oxidized to $CO _2$ to $H _2 O $ is

  1. 32

  2. 38

  3. 42

  4. 40
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
One molecule of the glucose that enters in the glycolysis produces 2 molecules pyruvate and 2 molecules of NADH$ _{2}$ and 2 ATP.  2 molecules of pyruvate will form 2 molecules of Acetyl Co-A and this will release 2 NADH$ _{2}$. These 2 Acetyl Co-A will enter into Kreb's cycle and will release 6NADH$ _{2}$, 2FADH$ _{2}$ and 2ATP.
so, the total gain before the ETC (electron transport chain) comes out to be  10NADH$ _{2}$, 2FADH$ _{2}$ and 4ATP.
Now, during the electron transport chain, 
10NADH$ _{2}$ will give 10 X 3=30 ATP
2FADH$ _{2}$ will give 2 X 2= 4 ATP
So, 34 ATP from ETC and 4 ATP from Kreb's cycle will be 38 ATP.
Hence, the correct answer is '38'
Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

Total $ATP$ through aerobic EMP pathway can be

  1. $6$
  2. $10$
  3. $2$
  4. $8$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Glycolysis is also known as 'EMP pathway'. It was discovered by three scientist Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. That's why glycolysis is also known as the EMP pathway. In the EMP pathway, total 8 ATP are produced.

So, the correct answer is '8 ATP'.

Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

Hydrogen acceptor in cellular respiration is 

  1. NAD

  2. FAD

  3. NADP

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

NAD (Nicotinamide adenine nucleotide) is an electron carrier. It is reduced by accepting a single hydrogen atom and an electron pair from H$ _2$ atom and other electron freed into the medium. NAD is reduced to NADH in citric acid cycle and glycolysis.
FAD (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) is an electron carrier. It is reduced by accepting a full hydrogen H$ _2$ atom. The FAD is reduced to  FADH$ _2$ in the citric acid cycle.
NADP is also an electron carrier. NADP is reduced into NADPH in the photosynthesis.
So, the correct answer is ' NAD & FAD '.

Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

For glycolysis to continue,all cells require

  1. O2

  2. Mitochondria

  3. ETS

  4. NADP+
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Glycolysis is the only process of extraction of energy in anaerobic organisms. Thus, It never requires O$ _2$ for its completion. Since the process takes place solely in cytoplasm so never requires any other organelle for its completion. As ETS takes place in mitochondria so it never takes part in glycolysis. For uninterrupted working of glycolysis, we require NADP$^+$ as it is required for the production of NADP$^+$+H$^+$ during conversion of 3-Phosphoglyceraldehyde to 1,3-bisphospho glyceraldehyde. 

So, the correct answer to the question is 'NADP$^+$'.