Tag: tanks and fisheries

 Dams are built not just for irrigation but for electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses, flood control, recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding. Hence, dams are now referred to as multi-purpose projects.

Water scarcity may be an outcome of a large and growing population and consequent greater demands for water and unequal access to it. A large population means more water not only for domestic use but also to produce more food. Hence, to facilitate higher food-grain production, water resources are being over-exploited to expand irrigated areas and dry-season agriculture. 

In India monsoon usually lasts from July to September. It is very irregular and unpredictable. India usually have no rains when needed and hence India requires highly sophisticated irrigation facilities and construction of reservoirs by which rain water can be stored and used all along the year. This is the major problem with Indian water potential though it has abundant rainfall. 

Tungabhadra project is the joint project of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka governments located in Bellari district. The dam is built across the Tungabhadra river which is a tributary of Krishna. It is one of the biggest multipurpose projects in India.

Ans. 25%-Canals are useful sources of irrigation where there are perennial sources of water. Since the water availability has declined, canal as a source of irrigation has also declined. However Punjab, Haryana and certain regions in UP still use canals as their preferred source. Wells and tubewells are the most important source of irrigation today. 

• Karez is also called turpan water system. It is usually followed in China. Turpan's karez water system is made up of a horizontal series of vertically dug wells that are then linked by underground water canals to collect water.
  
• These are not followed in India.
  

• Tank irrigation includes storage of water by constructing a bund across the stream. Peninsular plateau is leading in tank irrigation out of which Andhra Pradesh stands first.
  
• It is also suitable in Tamil Nadu region.
  
• Tank irrigation becomes continuous source of water and helps in preventing wastage of rain water especially in Deccan region where temperature is very high.
  
• But the demerit of tank irrigation is that water can be lost through evaporation.
  

• Sprinklers are used as irrigation tools that supply water to agricultural crops.
  
• It is very much useful as water is let out and sprinkled through small knobs. This checks wastage of water by seepage and evaporation.
  
• Apart from irrigation sprinklers are also used in industrial purposes.
  

• Tank irrigation includes storage of water by constructing a bund across the stream. Peninsular plateau is leading in tank irrigation out of which Andhra Pradesh stands first.
  
• Tank irrigation becomes continuous source of water and helps in preventing wastage of rain water especially in Deccan region where temperature is very high
  
• But the demerit of tank irrigation is that water can be lost through evaporation.