Tag: mouth and buccal cavity

'Lacrimal gland' is not a salivary gland.

Stenson's duct is associated with 'parotid gland'.

Blood is carried to the liver via two large vessels: the hepatic artery carries oxygen-rich blood from the aorta, and the portal vein carries blood containing digested food from the small intestine. The hepatic portal vein is a blood vessel that conducts blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This blood is rich in nutrients that have been extracted from food, and the liver processes these nutrients; it also filters toxins that may have been ingested with the food. The liver receives about 75% of its blood through the hepatic portal vein, with the remainder coming from the hepatic artery proper. The blood leaves the liver to the heart in the hepatic veins.

Humans produce between one-fifth and one-third of a gallon (0.75 to 1.5 liters) of saliva every day. However, saliva production mostly takes place while a person is awake. During sleep, saliva production drops to almost nothing. Most of the saliva comes from the glands at the bottom of the mouth, and the rest comes primarily from the parotid glands, near the top back of the mouth.

The rabbit has four major pairs of salivary glands: the parotid, mandibular, sublingual and zygomatic. Amylase and galactosidase are produced in the saliva, which is produced continuously by the mandibular glands and in response to food intake by the others.

Capillaries are essential for the delivery of oxygen to the tissues and the exchange of nutrients between blood and interstitial fluid surrounding the cells. This function is well supported by the anatomy of the vessels. The thin walls of the capillaries are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells. As a result, gasses such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse through their walls, as can lipid soluble substances.
Capillaries also play an important role in regulating the relative volume of the blood and interstitial fluid by allowing a bulk flow through their walls. This exchange of water and solutes occurs in response to the pressure gradient across the capillary wall.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Ptyalin is a form of amylase found in saliva of humans. Another name of ptyalin is salivary amylase. It is the most important amylolytic enzyme secreted in mouth (buccal cavity) by the salivary glands. The main function of ptyalin is to catalyze the hydrolysis of starch into maltose and dextrin. 

The endothelium is a type of epithelium that lines the interior surface of organs. It is present in the inner lining of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. It is a thin layer of simple squamous cells called endothelial cells. Whereas hemocyte is a blood cell, especially in an invertebrate, parietal cells (also known as oxyntic or delomorphous cells), are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor and chondrocyte is a cell that has secreted the matrix of cartilage and become embedded in it. Thus, option D is correct.

In order for blood to perform its essential functions of bringing nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body, and carrying waste materials away from those cells, the chemical composition of the blood must be carefully controlled. Blood contains particles of many different sizes and types, including cells, proteins, dissolved ions, and organic waste products. Some of these particles, such as proteins like hemoglobin, are essential for the body. Others, such as urea (a waste product from protein metabolism), must be removed from the blood or they will accumulate and interfere with normal metabolic processes. But the largest responsibility for maintaining the chemistry of the blood falls to the kidneys, a pair of organs located just behind the lining of the abdominal cavity. It is the job of the kidneys to remove the harmful particles from the blood and to regulate the blood's ionic concentrations, while keeping the essential particles in the blood. Dialysis is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood and is used primarily as an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with kidney failure.