Tag: environmental changes

Questions Related to environmental changes

Which gas is responsible for the depletion of ozone layer?

geography environmental changes atmosphere as a green house global warming and climate change energy from the sun

  1. Carbon dI oxide

  2. Methane

  3. Cluroflorocarbon

  4. Sulphur di oxide

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated ozone depleting substances (ODS) are mainly responsible for man-made chemical ozone depletion. The total amount of effective halogens (chlorine and bromine) in the stratosphere can be calculated and are known as the equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC).

Noise pollution can cause _____.

geography environmental changes atmosphere as a green house global warming and climate change energy from the sun

  1. Hypertension

  2. High stress level

  3. Hearing loss

  4. Sleep disturbances etc

  5. All of these

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Correct Option: E

Pollution due to biomedical waste is likely to spread _____ dangerous to life.

geography environmental changes atmosphere as a green house global warming and climate change energy from the sun

  1. Mosquitoes

  2. Flies

  3. Diseases

  4. Pungent smell

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Correct Option: C

Montreal Protocol is related to which of the following?

geography environmental changes atmosphere as a green house global warming and climate change energy from the sun

  1. Global Warming

  2. Deforestation

  3. Ozone layer depletion

  4. Sustainable development

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Ozone layer depletion,

Montreal Protocol, formally Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, international treaty, adopted in Montreal on Sept. 16, 1987, that aimed to regulate the production and use of chemicals that contribute to the depletion of Earth’s ozone layer. Initially signed by 46 countries, the treaty now has nearly 200 signatories.

In the early 1970s, American chemists F. Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina theorized that chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) compounds combine with solar radiation and decompose in the stratosphere, releasing atoms of chlorine and chlorine monoxide that are individually able to destroy large numbers of ozone molecules. (Along with Dutch chemist Paul Crutzen, Rowland and Molina were awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for this work.) Their research, first published in the journal Nature in 1974, initiated a federal investigation of the problem in the United States, and the National Academy of Sciences concurred with their findings in 1976. In 1978 CFC-based aerosols were banned in the United States, Norway, Sweden, and Canada.

Further validation of their work came in 1985 with the discovery of a “hole” in the ozone shield over Antarctica by the British Antarctic Survey and the publication of its findings in Nature. Shortly before these findings were to appear, representatives from 28 countries met to discuss the issue at the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer. The meeting called for international cooperation in research involving ozone-depleting chemicals (ODCs) and empowered the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to lay the groundwork for the Montreal Protocol.

The initial agreement was designed to reduce the production and consumption of several types of CFCs and halons to 80 percent of 1986 levels by 1994 and 50 percent of 1986 levels by 1999. The protocol went into effect on Jan. 1, 1989. Since then the agreement has been amended to further reduce and completely phase out CFCs and halons, as well as the manufacture and use of carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFCs), methyl bromide, and other ODCs. Several subsequent meetings of the signing countries were convened to track overall progress toward this goal and to authorize new changes to the process of phasing out ODCs.

The ozone layer protects the earth from harmful _________________.

geography environmental changes atmosphere as a green house global warming and climate change energy from the sun

  1. infared rays

  2. ultraviolet rays

  3. cosmetic rays

  4. gamma rays

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Ultraviolet rays,

The ozone layer acts as a filter for the shorter wavelength and highly hazardous ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun, protecting life on Earth from its potentially harmful effects. When the sky is clear, there is an inverse relationship between stratospheric ozone and solar UVR measured at the Earth's surface.

Which amendment was agreed to phase down HFCs under the Montreal Protocol?

geography environmental changes atmosphere as a green house global warming and climate change energy from the sun

  1. Paris Amendment

  2. New York Amendment

  3. London Amendment

  4. Kigali Amendment

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Under Montreal Protocol,1987 the Kigali Amendment was agreed to phase down HFCs(HydroFluoroCarbons). It was on 15th October 2016 under United States leadership, 197 countries adopted this amendment under the Montreal Protocol in Kigali, Rwanda. It came into force on 1 January 2019. Under this amendment, the member States promised to reduce the production and consumption of HFCs by more than 80% over the next 30years.

The principle green house gases are ____________.

geography environmental changes atmosphere as a green house global warming and climate change energy from the sun

  1. Methane

  2. Carbon dioxide

  3. Chlorofluorocarbon

  4. All of these

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Greenhouse gases are gases in Earth’s atmosphere that trap heat. They let sunlight pass through the atmosphere, but they prevent the heat that the sunlight brings from leaving the atmosphere. The main greenhouse gases are:

  • Water vapor
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Methane
  • Ozone
  • Nitrous oxide
  • Chlorofluorocarbons

Land pollution is contaminating the land surface of the earth through _____.

geography environmental changes atmosphere as a green house global warming and climate change energy from the sun

  1. Dumping of urban waste matter

  2. Breakage of underground storage tanks

  3. Oil and fuel dumping, percolation of contaminated water

  4. Direct discharge of industrial waste to the soil

  5. All the above mentioned options

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Correct Option: E

______________ is the radiant energy emitted by the sun from a nuclear fusion reaction that creates electromagnetic energy.

geography environmental changes elements of weather and climate : temperature process of heat transfer in the atmosphere environmental regions (zones)

  1. Solar Radiations

  2. Alpha Radiations

  3. Beta Radiations

  4. None of these

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Solar radiation is the radiant energy emitted by the sun from a nuclear fusion reaction that creates electromagnetic energy.
Solar radiation is radiant energy emitted by the sun from a nuclear fusion reaction that creates electromagnetic energy. The spectrum of solar radiation is close to that of a black body with a temperature of about 5800 K. About half of the radiation is in the visible short-wave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Electromagnetic spectrum consists of

geography environmental changes elements of weather and climate : temperature process of heat transfer in the atmosphere environmental regions (zones)

  1. Alpha radiation

  2. Gamma radiation

  3. Beta radiation

  4. All of these

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. There are 7 regions in the electromagnetic spectrum and they are gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves and radio waves. All types of electromagnetic radiation are transverse waves and they all travel at the same speed in a vacuum.  The regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are explained below in order of increasing wavelength and decreasing frequency.