Tag: origin of life and organic evolution

Due to industrialization, the air pollution increased and lichens growth is declined so the black colored moths are well camouflaged themselves into the bark of trees that are covered by the industrial pollution and reproduce but white peppered moth are visible and more visible to predators so naturally declined. This is caused as humans evolve themselves but that increase the pollution and lead to a wrong or negative way for the moth.

Thomas Malthus' opinions regarding the struggle to survive helped to inspire Charles Darwin in his development of the theory of natural selection. Darwin noted that the population-food imbalance postulated by Malthus would lead to competition between offspring. He considered that some of those offspring would be better equipped for the struggle than others, and so would flourish. This "survival of the fittest" became the central theme to Darwin's developing theory. 

Heredity and variation are the fundamental pillars of evolution. Heredity ensures traits are passed on, while variation provides the raw material for selection to act upon.

The modern synthetic theory of evolution is the result of the work of a number of scientists namely T. Dobzhansky, R.A. Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane, Swall Wright, Ernst Mayr, and G.L. Stebbins. Stebbins in his book, Process of Organic Evolution, discussed the synthetic theory.
It includes the following factors 

The numbat is a marsupial that occupies a similar ecological niche to the anteater, representing an example of convergent evolution where unrelated species develop similar traits.

Environmental change and isolation of groups of organisms play an important role in evolution. Isolation means that organisms of the same species are separated, and happens when there is something between the organisms that they can't cross. Organisms become isolated as a result of environmental change. The cause of isolation can be gradual, like when mountains or deserts form, or continents split apart. It can also be quick, such as organisms being blown to different places by a storm or tsunami (tidal waves).
When organisms become isolated the two groups are also not able to reproduce together, so variations and mutations that occur in one group are not necessarily found in the other group. The longer the groups are isolated, the more different they are. They eventually become different species. Moreover, if there is a change in the environment of one group it does not necessarily occur in the environment of the other. So they will evolve and adapt differently. So, the role of isolation in evolution is maintenance of species. Thus, option B is correct.
Differentiation of species or evolutionary divergence or extermination of species are not the roles of isolation in evolution. Thus, other options are wrong.

August Weismann proposed the germ plasm theory, which introduced the concept of determinants within the germ cells that control the development of traits, separating them from somatic cells.

The modern synthetic theory of evolution integrates Darwinian natural selection with Mendelian genetics, including mutation, recombination, and reproductive isolation as key drivers.