Tag: nervous system in humans

The cerebellum is the part of the brain responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, maintaining balance, equilibrium, and posture.

The medulla oblongata controls involuntary functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure, not temperature regulation. Temperature regulation is primarily the function of the hypothalamus.

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher-level functions, including processing sensory information like speech, hearing, and vision.

During prolonged starvation, glucose reserves are depleted, and the liver converts fatty acids into ketone bodies, primarily acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate, which serve as the major alternative energy source for the brain.

The cerebellum is primarily responsible for motor coordination, precision, and timing of movements.

The pons varolii contains nerve fibers that connect the cerebellum to the rest of the brain, including the corpora quadrigemina.

Arbor vitae (tree of life) is the branching white matter structure found in the cerebellum.

The corpus callosum is the primary structure connecting the two cerebral hemispheres in placental mammals. Monotremes like the echidna (Tachyglossus) and marsupials like the opossum (Didelphis) lack a true corpus callosum, having only a smaller anterior commissure.

The neopallium (or neocortex) is the part of the cerebral cortex that is highly developed in mammals. It also begins to appear in advanced reptiles, representing an evolutionary step toward the mammalian brain structure.

Arbor vitae refers to the tree-like branching pattern of white matter inside the cerebellum, visible in sagittal section.