Tag: our skeletal system and the skin

(A)Propioceptor responds to activities of muscles and joints.

The axis has a bony peg called the odontoid process, which sticks up through the hole in the atlas. It is this special arrangement that allows the head to turn from side to side as far as it can.

A joint in the human body is a connection between the tissues, cartilages and bones. These are classified structurally and functionally and of these, the synovial joint is one that is functionally freely movable. The pectoral girdle or the shoulder girdle which is synovial joint is made up of a set of bones, the clavicle and scapula that connects the arms to the axial skeleton on both sides. In fact, the shoulder girdle has five joints of which three are anatomical (true joint ) and two are physiological or false joints.

• A gliding joint is a common type of synovial joint formed between bones that meet at flat or nearly flat articular surfaces.
• Gliding joints allow the bones to glide past one another in any direction along the plane of the joint — up and down, left and right, and diagonally. For example, between zygapophyses of the successive vertebrae.
  
• Hence Gliding joint - between zygapophyses of the successive vertebrae are correctly matched.
• So, the correct answer is 'Gliding joint - between zygapophyses of the successive vertebrae'.

The hinge joint is a joint in which a convex part of one bone fits into a concave part of another, allowing motion in only one plane. In hinge joint, the two bones open and close in one direction only (along one plane) like a door, such as a knee joint.

Pivot joint is a synovial joint, which permits uniaxial movement of bone about one axis of rotation. In pivot joint central bony pivot is surrounded by collar of bone and ligament. The movements possible are supination, pronation and rotation. Examples of pivot joints are proximal radioulnar joint and atlanto-axial joint.

The humerus and the radioulna together form the elbow which is the hinge joint. The distal end of the humerus articulates the proximal end of the radius and ulna. The humeroulnar joint is also a part of the elbow and is a hinge joint whereas the proximal radioulnar and the distal radioulnar is a pivot joint. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

The type of joint found at the shoulder is called a ball and socket which also found in the hip

The ball and socket joint is the type of synovial joint present between the bones having structures like ball and socket. This joint is found in the shoulder joint. Head of the humur acts as the ball and the glenoid cavity of scapula acts as the socket.