Tag: endocrine system and chemical co-ordination
Questions Related to endocrine system and chemical co-ordination
The cause of hyperprolactinemia in males may be
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Dehydration
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Tumors
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Excessive intake of salts
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None of the above
- Prolactin levels may be elevated for any number of reasons. One of the more common cause is the formation of a benign tumour on the pituitary gland.
- This noncancerous growth, known as a prolactinoma, directly secretes excessive prolactin while decreasing the levels of other sex hormones. Hence, The cause of hyperprolactinemia in males may be Tumors
Which of the following is responsible for steroid production?
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Salt
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Lipids
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Cholesterol
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None of the above
- Cholesterol also plays a role in synthesizing the steroid hormones aldosterone, which is used for osmoregulation, and cortisol, which plays a role in metabolism.
- Cholesterol is also the precursor to bile salts, which help in the emulsification of fats and their absorption by cells. Hence, Lipids is responsible for steroid production.
Pacinian corpuscles of skin are receptors of.
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Movement
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Pressure
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Temperature
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Pain
Which of the following is not involved as $2^{nd}$ messenger?
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cAMP
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DAG
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Phospholipase
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$IP _{3}$
As per accepted concept of hormone action, if receptor molecules are removed from target organs, the target organs will
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Continue to respond to hormone but in opposite way
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Continue to respond to hormone without any difference
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Continue to respond to hormone but will require higher concentration
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Stop responding to hormone
- Membrane bound receptors : These are present on the cell membrane of target cells.
- Intracellular receptors: These are present inside the target cell.
Receptors for protein hormones are found
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Inside nucleus
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Inside cytoplasm
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On surface of ER
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On the plasma membrane of the cell
In hormone action, if receptor molecules are removed from target organ, the target organ will
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Continue to respond to hormone
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Not respond to hormone
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Continue to respond but requires higher concentration
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Continue to respond but in the opposite way
- Membrane bound receptors : These are present on the cell membrane of target cells.
- Intracellular receptors: These are present inside the target cell.
Steroid hormones, estrogen and testosterone bind to
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Membrane ion channels
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Enzyme-linked membrane receptors
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G-Protein linked membrane receptors
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Cytoplasmic receptors
Hormones are of 2 types based on their chemical composition.
- Protein hormones: They are build up of amino acids and are soluble in water.
- Steroid hormones: They are build up of fats and are not soluble in water.
- Since the steroid hormones are not soluble in water they can pass through the plasma membrane and bind to the receptors in the cytoplasm.
In heart cells, which one a second messenger that speeds up muscle contraction in response to adrenaline
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cAMP
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cGMP
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GTP
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ATP
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AMP
Steroid hormones easily pass through plasma membrane by simple diffusion because they
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Are lipid soluble
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Are water soluble
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Enter through pores
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Contain carbon and hydrogen
Steroid hormones are made up of fats and they are not soluble in water. They are hydro phobic in nature. Hence they can easily pass through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion.