Tag: development experience (1947-90)

The large proportion of illiterate females is another reason for the low literacy rate in India. Inequality based on gender differences resulted in female literacy rates being lower at 65 %than that of their male counterparts at 82.

Economic studies of the colonial and post-colonial periods in India often highlight that dependence on agriculture remained high or increased across various states due to a lack of industrial growth. The option 'All of the above' is the standard answer for this specific textbook question.

In 1850, the first experimental electric telegraph line was started between Calcutta and Diamond Harbour. In 1851, it was opened for the use of the British East India Company. The Posts and Telegraphs department occupied a small corner of the Public Works Department, at that time.

British infrastructure projects in India, such as early telegraph lines and coastal canals, faced significant technical and environmental challenges that rendered many of them unsuccessful or inefficient at the time of their implementation.

Lord Dalhousie introduced telegraph in India, The use of telegraph brought spectacular changes in the communication system and helped the British in maintaining law an order. They immediately knew about any outbreak and can deploy their force to control any situation.

The British introduced the telegraph  to maintain law and order in India  because they it's help they  could quickly be informed of where an uprising was taking place and quickly send reinforcements there.

During the British rule, there was some infrastructural development in areas such as roads,  railways, ports, water transport, posts, and telegraphs. But the motive behind this development was simply to foster the colonial interest of the British government. They were never interested in the growth of Indian economy. these infractures like road etc. were used to mobilize the army and carriying out raw materials.

Railways led to increased agricultural output, export of food-grains, widening of markets, commercialization of agriculture, and, hence, cropping pattern. As railways widened the markets for the agricultural sectors, Indian agriculture became linked to the world trade cycles.

Certain Indian states, particularly those with early industrialization or service sector growth, experienced a shift away from primary agricultural dependence. The textbook source for this question groups these states together.

The state of infrastructure during the pre-British India was very poor due to lack of proper funds , most of the villages lacked connectivity by pucca roads. However, such roads damaged  misery during monsoons as they became muddy and difficult to traverse .During natural calamities, these roads became non functional as a result of which various areas became inaccessible and were cut-off.