Tag: non-infectious diseases
Questions Related to non-infectious diseases
Cervical cancer is caused by
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Chlamydia
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Human Papillomavirus
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Herpes Simplex Virus
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Cervical cancer is cancer arising from the cervix. It is due to the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. It is caused by Human Papillomavirus
- Initially, no symptoms are seen. Later symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, or pain during sexual intercourse.
- Hence Cervical cancer is caused by Human Papillomavirus.
- So, the correct answer is 'Human Papillomavirus'.
Nuclear leakage is
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Carcinogenic
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Immunosuppressent
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Autoimmunising
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Infectious
In nuclear leakage, apart from the damage caused by fires and explosions, accidents also release radioactive materials which can cause radiation sickness. The radiation possesses carcinogenic potential. It will induce cancer in tissues of most species at all ages including the fetus. Nuclear waste is hazardous for tens of thousands of years.
Excessive exposure of humans to UV-rays results in
(i) Damage to immune system
(ii) Damage to lungs
(iii) Skin cancer
(iv) Peptic ulcers
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(i) and (ii)
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(ii) and (iv)
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(i) and (iii)
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(iii) and (iv)
According to World health organisation, prolonged human exposure to solar UV radiation may result in acute and chronic health effects on the skin, eye and immune system.
Cancer is caused due to activation of ......to .......and /or inactivation of
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Oncogene,tumour suppressor gene,protooncogene
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Tumour suppressor gene,oncogene protooncogene
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Protooncogene ,oncogene,tumour suppressor gene
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Oncogene,protooncogene,tumour suppressor gene
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations and cancer. Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate cell growth and differentiation. A tumour suppressor gene or antioncogene is a gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer. Cancer develops due to inactivation of a tumour suppressor gene.
2-naphthylamine and 4-aminobiphenyl cause
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Lung cancer
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Liver cancer
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Prostate cancer
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Urinary bladder cancer
Bladder cancer is any of several types of cancer arising from the tissues of the urinary bladder. Symptoms include blood in the urine, pain with urination, and low back pain. Thirty per cent of bladder tumours probably results from occupational exposure in the workplace to carcinogens such as benzidine. 2-Naphthylamine and 4-aminobiphenyl which is found in cigarette smoke and has shown to increase bladder cancer risk.
Which of the following statements in not true for cancer cells in relation to mutations :-
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Mutations inhibits production of telomerase
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Mutations in proto-oncogenes accelerate the cell cycle
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Mutations destroy telomerase inhibitor
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Mutations inactivate the cell control
Which of the following can cause cancer as well as cure it, depending upon its intensity and use?
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Chemicals
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Tobacco
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Ionised radiations
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Ultra-violet rays
Which of the following chemicals in automobile exhaust can cause cancer?
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Carbon monoxide
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Polycyclic hydrocarbons
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Lead
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Oxides of nitrogen
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) part of the World Health Organisation announced that it had reclassified diesel exhaust as a 'definite carcinogen in highest category (Category 1). When diesel burns inside an engine it releases two potentially cancer-causing things: microscopic soot particles, and chemicals called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or PAHs. There are three possible ways these can cause cancer. The microscopic particles making up diesel exhaust particulate matter are less than one-fifth the thickness of a human hair. They are small enough to penetrate deep into the lungs, causing respiratory disease. Inhaled PAHs could directly damage the DNA in the cells of our lungs leading to cancer. Secondly, the soot particles can get lodged deep inside the lungs, causing long-term inflammation, and thirdly this can increase the rate at which cells divide. So if any nearby lung cells pick up random mutations, this inflammation could make them more likely to grow and spread.
Match the Column - I with the appropriate items in Column II :-
| Column - I | Column - II |
|---|---|
| (a) Radiation(b) Chemical Carinogens(c) Physical Carcinogens(d) Biological Carcinogens | (i) Oncogenic virus(ii) Oral caner(iii) Leukemia(iv) Kangri cancer |
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a - (iv), b - (i), c - (ii), d - (iii)
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a - (iii), b - (i), c - (ii), d - (iv)
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a - (iii), b - (i), c - (iv), d - (ii)
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a - (iii), b - (ii), c - (iv), d - (i)
| Agents | Diseases |
|---|---|
| Radiation (UV rays) | Kangri cancer (skin cancer) |
| Chemical Carcinogens (e.g. lead) | Oncogenic virus |
| Physical Carcinogens ( e.g. smoke) | Oral cancer |
| Biological Carcinogens (Viruses) | Leukaemia (blood cancer) |
So, the correct is 'a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d-iii'.
Out of the following, choose the wrong statement.
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High blood pressure is caused by excessive weight and lack of exercise.
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Cancers can be caused by genetic abnormalities.
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Peptic ulcers are caused by eating acidic food.
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Staphylococci is not the main causative agent of acne.
Ulceration of the gastrointestinal mucosa is caused by disruption of the mucus layer on the gastric epithelial cells. It is wrong to believe that eating acidic foods may lead to development of peptic ulcers. Ulcer may be viewed as an extension of the cell damage found in acute gastritis. The most common sites for ulcers are the stomach and the first few centimetres of the duodenum. The main factors behind ulcer are:
(1) Reduced blood supply (Reduced blood flow and ischaemia may be caused by excessive cigarette smoking and stress, either physical or mental).
(2) Reduce mucus secretion (The composition and the amount of mucus may be altered, e.g., by regular and prolonged use of aspirin and other anti-inflammatory drugs by the reflux of bile acids and salts in chronic gastritis) and
(3) Raised levels of steroid hormones, e.g., in response to stress or when they are used as drugs in chronic gastritis by irradiation and the use of cytotoxic drugs).