Tag: china: two different phases

Following statements regarding steam engine are true:-

• Before James Watt, Newcomen invented the primitive form of steam engine which were pumping water from mines all over the country.
• James Watt's discovery of steam engine got patent in 1764.
• The new steam engine enhanced the industrial productivity manifold.

Industrial Revolution did not form the basis of rise of nationalism in Europe till 18th century. The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French revolution in 1789. French was a full fledged territorial state in 1789 under the rule of an absolute monarchy. The political and constitutional changes that came in the wake of the French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens.

The printing press was invented in the Holy Roman Empire by the German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, based on existing screw presses. A  printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink.

The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution in 1789. French was a full Fledged territorial state in 1789 under the rule of an absolute monarch. The political and constitutional changes that came in the wake of the French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens.

Prince Metternich  was a German diplomat and statesman and one of the most important diplomats of his era, serving as the Austrian Empire's Foreign Minister from 1809 and Chancellor from 1821 until the liberal revolution of 1848 forced his resignation.

The French colonized Vietnam in the mid 1800s. In 1885, France looked to take over Vietnam and in 1887 they did it. The French started to integrate more Western ideals, education, and religion including, for the first time, introducing Christianity.

Frederick William IV was the king of Prussia from 1840 until 1861. He was the eldest son of Frederich William III. His conservative policies helped spark the Revolution of 1848. In 1857 he was incapacitated by a stroke, and his brother, the future William I, became regent.

The earliest printing technology was developed in China and Japan. Books in China were printed by rubbing paper. Printing in East Asia evolved from ink rubbings made on paper or cloth from texts on stone tables in China during the Han dynasty.

The 'Committee of Five' appointed to draft a declaration consisted of: $Thomas$ $Jefferson$ of Virginia, Roger Sherman of Connecticut, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Robert R. Livingston of New York, and John Adams of Massachusetts. The declaration of Independence was signed on 4th July 1776. 

The Battle of Waterloo, which took place in Belgium on June 18, 1815, marked the final defeat of French military leader and emperor Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), who conquered much of continental Europe in the early 19th century.

The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815. The objective of the Congress was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.