Tag: balanced diet and malnutrition

The diarrheal disease control programme was started in the country in 1978. The main objective of the programme was to prevent death due to dehydration caused by diarrheal diseases among children under 5 years of age due to dehydration. 

Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a fluid used to prevent or treat dehydration, most commonly that caused by diarrhea. It involves drinking water with modest amounts of sugar and salt added, while continuing to eat.

Diarrhoea is a disease caused by the virus like norovirus and bacteria like clostridium, salmonella. It is characterised by the frequent passing of loose or watery stools. Common symptoms of diarrhoea include skin tenting, abdominal pain, nausea, dehydration, cramping, fever and bloody stools. Hence option A is correct.

•  After washing hands, we have to scrub between fingers and under nails, if a nail brush is available.
•  Rinse with clear water. Finally, dry hands thoroughly using a clean paper or cloth towel or under an electric air dryer.
•  To avoid introducing additional bacteria, do not rub your hands together under the electric air dryer. Hence, At work, the best way to dry your hands after washing is using a paper towel.

Jaundice occurs if there is a dysfunction of the normal metabolism or excretion of bilirubin. Common signs and symptoms seen in individuals with jaundice include: yellow discolouration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the eyes,  light-coloured stools, dark-colored urine and itching of the skin. The underlying disease process may result in additional signs and symptoms. These may include: nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, weakness, loss of appetite, headache, confusion, swelling of the legs and abdomen, and newborn jaundice.

Diarrhoeal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old, and is responsible for killing around 7,60,000 children every year. Diarrhoeal diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and viruses are transmitted via the faecal-oral route. The pathogens discharged in the faeces of an infected person may enter the body of another susceptible person through the mouth. This may occur among children ingesting food or water contaminated with human excreta. 

Roughage or dietary fiber as it is known is the indigestible portion of the carbohydrate in the food derived from plants. These are of two types - the soluble fiber and and the insoluble one. The insoluble fiber is metabolically inert and being prebiotic and ferment in the large intestine. These bulking fibers tends to absorb water as they move through the digestive system which helps in easy defecation. Hence, consuming a diet without roughage will lead to constipation.

Oral rehydration therapy is a fluid replacement strategy used to prevent or treat dehydration. Dehydration is most commonly caused by diarrhoea. It involves drinking water with required amounts of sugar and salt added present in oral rehydration salts (ORS).

Jaundice refers to the yellow color of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by excess bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is formed by the breakdown of dead red blood cells in the liver. Normally, the liver gets rid of bilirubin along with old red blood cells. Jaundice occurs when the liver does not break down bilirubin the way it is supposed to because the liver might be damaged and unable to perform this process. 

Diarrhea is a condition that’s characterized by the appearance of loose, watery stools or a frequent need to have a bowel movement. Diarrhea can be related to a viral or bacterial infection, or it can be the result of food poisoning. Rotavirus, norovirus and adenovirus are the common viruses which causes diarrhea. Campylobacter, Shigella are the common bacterias which causes diarrhea. Hence option C is correct.