Tag: drug-target interaction

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Multiple choice zoology human body body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

The skin has an outer layer made up of .......... which is almost impermeable to germs.

  1. Keratin

  2. Lipid

  3. Fat

  4. Carbohydrate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a surface area of 18 square feet. Its two main layers are the epidermis (outer layer) and dermis (inner layer). The epidermis has several strata (layers) that contain four cell types. Keratinocytes produce keratin, a protein that gives skin its strength and flexibility and waterproofs the skin surface.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

Among these ............... is a physical barrier that acts a first life of defense.

  1. Skin and mucous membrane

  2. Neutrophils and monocytes

  3. Fever

  4. Interferon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The very first line of defense against any invasion of the human body is a set of physical barriers between the inside of the body and the outer world. Defense systems like skin, tears, mucous membranes are considered the non-specific barriers and the first line of defense.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

Neutrophils and monocytes are important cells participating in

  1. Phagocytosis

  2. Perforin production

  3. Passive immunity

  4. Antibody production
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead cells, thereby involving in the process of phagocytosis. They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. The phagocytes include neutrophils and monocytes.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

Human body is immunized by production of ____________ inside our body.

  1. Antigen

  2. Antibody

  3. Vaccines

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Human body produces antibody to immunize our body from the action of foreign material. Antibody recognizes foreign material binds to it and triggers immune response inside out body leading to phagocytosis.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

First line of defense include

  1. Skin

  2. Mucous

  3. Lysosyme secretion

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The first line of defense (non-specific barrier): These are a combination of physical and chemical barriers that prevent all types of foreign agents from penetrating the outer layer of the body. No specific foreign agent is targeted at this level.
The barriers are:
1. The skin – provides an impervious barrier to pathogens.
2. Mucous membranes – line the entrances to the body such as in the respiratory tract entrances. Mucus produced by these membranes traps foreign particles and directs them out of the body.
3. Hairs and cilia – (nasal hairs) trap dust and dirt; (microscopic cilia) line some mucous membranes and direct foreign particles out of the body.
4. Gastric juice, vaginal secretions, and urine – acidic fluids that have a protective function.
5. Tears, sweat and saliva – body fluids which possess some anti-bacterial properties.
6. Cerumen (ear wax) – produced in the ear canal and protects the canal by trapping dirt and dust particles.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

Stomach clears out pathogen by

  1. Secreting HCl

  2. Secreting digestive enzymes

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is highly acidic (pH 1.5 to 2) in nature and almost all the pathogens which enter the stomach through the ingested food are killed at this pH. The digestive enzyme pepsin released by the stomach can digest proteins but cannot actually kill the pathogens. Hence, the correct answer is 'HCl'.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

Anatomic barrier to disease is 

  1. Skin

  2. Mucous membrane

  3. Mucus and cilia

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The skin and the surface of mucous membranes act as an anatomical barrier and prevent the entry of microorganisms inside the body. The skin maintains the pH about 3 to 5 which retards the growth of microbes and mucous entraps foreign microorganisms and cilia propel microbes out of the body. Thus they prevent the entry of microorganisms. Hence, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action
The gland which regulates the level of calcium in the blood is?

  1. Thyroid

  2. Adrenal

  3. Parathyroid

  4. Pituitary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels in the body. It produces a hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH raises the blood calcium level by bone desorption leading to calcium release when the blood calcium level is too low. Another way that parathyroid hormone works is by increasing the body's ability to absorb calcium from food and also increasing the kidney's ability to hold on to calcium that would otherwise be lost in the urine. , PTH is released to bring the calcium level back to normal.  so, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

Phagocytes of innate immunity are

  1. Neutrophills

  2. Macrophages

  3. Monocytes

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Phagocytosis is the process of ingestion of extracellular particulate material from environment. It is conducted by some specialized cells called the phagocytes. The blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils and macrophages are all phagocytes. Hence, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

A person likely to develop tetanus is immunized by administering :

  1. Weakned germs

  2. Dead germs

  3. Preformed antibodies

  4. Wide spectrum antibiotics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Tetanus immunization for a person likely to develop the disease (post-exposure) requires passive immunity, which is provided by administering preformed antibodies (tetanus antitoxin). Weakened or dead germs are used for active immunization, which takes too long to develop protection in an emergency.