Tag: drug-target interaction

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Questions Related to drug-target interaction

Multiple choice drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

Antagonistic drug displaces an agonist at that receptor it seemingly deactivates it thereby reversing the effect of the agonist.

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Ambiguous

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Antagonists bind to receptors and block the action of agonists, effectively deactivating the receptor response or preventing the agonist from binding.

Multiple choice drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

Assertion : Receptors are crucial to body's communication process
Reason : Receptors are proteins

  1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

  2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is NOT the correct explanation for Assertion

  3. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

  4. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect

  5. Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct

  6. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Option (B) is correct. 
Receptors are proteins that are crucial to body's communication process. They receives and responds to a neurotransmitter, or other substance. Majority of them are embedded in the cell membrane, in such a way their small part possessing active site projects out of the surface of the membrane and opens on the outer region of the cell membrane.

Multiple choice drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

Assertion :

Chemical messenger gives a message to the cell without entering the cell

Reason : 
Chemical messenger is received at the binding site of receptor proteins

  1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

  2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion

  3. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

  4. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect

  5. Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct

  6. Answer required
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Chemical messenger is received at the binding site of receptor proteins and gives the message to the cell without entering the cell. To accommodate the messenger, the shape of receptor changes. In the body,message between two neurons and that between neurons and muscles is communicated through certain chemicals called as chemical messengers.


Thus, Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

Hence, the correct option is $\text{A}$

Multiple choice drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

Assertion : Receptor proteins show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other
Reason : Chemical messenger binds to the receptor site and inhibits is natural function

  1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

  2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion

  3. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

  4. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect

  5. Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct

  6. Answer required
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

D. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
Inhibitor binds to the receptor site and inhibits is natural function. Chemical messengers bind to the receptor site and convey the information to the interior of the cell. 

Multiple choice drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

What are the substances which mimic the natural chemical messengers?

  1. Antibiotics

  2. Antagonist

  3. Agonists

  4. Recepter
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Agonists are the chemicals that bind to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response Whereas an agonist causes an action, an antagonist blocks the action of the against and an inverse against causes an action opposite to that of the against Therefore it is a substance which mimics the natural chemical messengers.


Hence, the correct option is $\text{C}$

Multiple choice drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

Agonists can:

  1. inhibit function of receptors

  2. mimic natural chemical messengers

  3. help transfer of message to receptors

  4. inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B,C Correct answer
Explanation

Agonist: A substance that acts like another substance and therefore stimulates an action. Agonist is the opposite of antagonist. Antagonists and agonists are key players in the chemistry of the human body and in pharmacology.

An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response. Whereas an agonist causes an action, an antagonist blocks the action of the agonist and an inverse agonist causes an action opposite to that of the agonist.
Receptors can be activated by either endogenous (such as hormones and neurotransmitters) or exogenous (such as drugs) agonists, resulting in a biological response. A physiological agonist is a substance that creates the same bodily responses but does not bind to the same receptor.

Multiple choice drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

Drugs that bind to the receptor sites and inhibit its natural function are called analgesics.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Drugs that bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function are called Antagonists. These are useful when blocking of message is required. So, the statement is false.

Multiple choice drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

Which of the following increases blood pressure and heart beat?

  1. Noradrenaline

  2. Dopamine

  3. Serotonin

  4. Adrenaline
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,D Correct answer
Explanation

Noradrenaline interacts with beta receptors found on pacemaker cells in the heart. It stimulates the pacemaker cells, thereby increasing the rate at which they generate electrical charges. Each charge released from pacemaker cells cause the heart to contract. Noradrenaline increases heart rate initially but this effect is minimized by its effect on blood vessel.
Also, a rise in adrenaline increases heart rate, blood pressure, cholesterol, artery wall inflammation and blood clotting.

Multiple choice drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

Assertion : Enzymes have active sites that hold substrate molecule for a chemical reaction
Reason : Drugs compete with natural substrate by attaching covalently to the active site of enzyme

  1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

  2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is NOT the correct explanation for Assertion

  3. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

  4. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect

  5. Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct

  6. Answer reqiured
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Option (B) is correct.
$A$ :  Enzymes have active sites that hold substrate molecule for a chemical reaction. The substrate is held at the active site in a suitable and right position, for effective attack of reagent. This can be explained by lock and key model. The forces between the active site and substrate can be covalent bond, hydrogen bond, van der waal's forces etc.
$R$ : Drugs compete with natural substrate by attaching covalently to the active site of enzyme. Many drugs acts as enzyme inhibitors. Inhibition by particular chemicals can be a source of insight into the mechanism of enzyme action: specific inhibitors can often be used to identify residues critical for catalysis.

Multiple choice drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

Assertion : Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communication of message between two neurons or between neurons and muscles.
Reason : Chemicals enter the cell through receptor.

  1. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

  2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct.

  3. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the incorrect explanation for Assertion.

  4. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.

  5. non of these

  6. A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Option (D) is correct. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communication of message between two neurons or between neurons and muscles.Chemical messages are transmitted to specific receptors through the extracellular fluids or across the synaptic gap.
These chemical messengers interact with receptors without entering the cell and change the shape of receptor and deliver the message.