Tag: excretion and osmoregulation

Questions Related to excretion and osmoregulation

What is not a correct fact about the micturition?

zoology excretion and osmoregulation micturition urine and urine formation urine formation

  1. 1-2 litres production/day

  2. On standing urine gives pungant odour because it converts to ${ H } _{ 2 }S$ by bacteria.

  3. Normal pH of urine is 6.0

  4. Uric acid forms 0.3% of a normal urine sample

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The normal range for 24-hour urine volume is 800 to 2,000 milliliters per day (with a normal fluid intake of about 2 liters per day). Micturition or urination is the process of expelling urine from the bladder. This act is also known as voiding of the bladder. The excretory system in humans includes a pair of kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. So the correct option is '1-2 liters production /day'.

Choose the correct answers from the following given.
Waste products of adenine and guanine metabolism are excreted by man as

zoology excretion and osmoregulation micturition urine and urine formation urine formation

  1. urea

  2. uric acid

  3. ammonia

  4. proteins

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The purines metabolism occur by the action of the enzymes released by the liver and intestine which help in the formation of xanthine which finally converts into uric acid as the end product.

Hence the correct answer is B.

Micturition is

zoology excretion and osmoregulation micturition urine and urine formation urine formation

  1. Removal of urea from blood

  2. Removal of uric acid

  3. Passing out urine

  4. Removal of faecal matter

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Urination is the release of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to outside of the body. It is also known medically as micturition. Micturition occurs when the bladder neck and the external urinary sphincter relax and the bladder contracts, allowing for the unobstructed expulsion of urine.

Vasopressin is related with the concentration of urine.

zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Vasopressin causes resorption of water and electrolytes by the distal tubules and thereby reduces the loss of water through urine (diuresis) making urine concentrated. Hence, it is also called anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).
So, the correct option is 'True'.

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation ?

zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. When someone drinks lot of water, ADH release is suppressed

  2. Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release

  3. An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin II

  4. During summer when body loses lot of water by evaporation the release of ADH is suppressed

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

When someone drinks lot of water which is excess amount for his body, as a result osmolarity of the blood will decreases.The decrease in osmolarity will suppress the release of ADH. Correct option is (A).

Reabsorption of water in the nephron is controlled by ADH and aldosterone hormone.

zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
ADH facilitates water reabsorption from latter parts of the tubule, thereby preventing diuresis. Aldosterone causes reabsorption of Na+ and water from the distal parts of the tubule. Hence, both ADH and aldosterone control reabsorption of water in the nephron.
So, the correct option is 'True'.

Hormone which adsorbs water from renal tubule

zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Insulin

  2. Glucangon

  3. ADH

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) is a hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary glands. It absorbs water from renal tubule thereby conserving water in our body. It constantly regulates and balances the water level of the body. Osmotic sensors and baroreceptors join with ADH in water metabolism.

Insulin helps to control blood glucose level whereas glucagon works to increase the sugar level in the bloodstream. 
So, the correct answer is 'ADH'.

ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic.

zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
ADH or antidiuretic hormone is produced in the hypothalamus and secreted from the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary gland). ADH increases the reabsorption of water from the urine in the renal system back into the blood. Thus ADH conserves water in the kidneys and returns that fluid back to the general circulation. 
So the correct answer is 'False'.

Urine of a human being suffering from diabetes insipidus is

zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Tasteless and thick

  2. Sweet and thick

  3. Tasteless and watery

  4. Sweet and watery

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder that occurs when a person's kidneys pass an abnormally large volume of urine that is insipid dilute and odourless.
  • People with diabetes insipidus have normal blood glucose levels; however, their kidneys cannot balance fluid in the body. 
  • Hence, the Urine of a human being suffering from diabetes insipidus is Tasteless and watery.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Tasteless and watery'.

Even in presence of hormone ADH, maximum water is reabsorbed in?

zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Proximal convoluted tubule

  2. Distal convoluted tubule

  3. Both DCT and collecting tubule

  4. Loop pf Henle

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Over 180 liters of urine is produced in the human body every day. Out of this, only 1.5 liters is actually excreted. This means that 99% of the urine produced is reabsorbed in the body. Various solutes are absorbed in different parts of the renal tubule. Maximum water absorption takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule. 

So, the correct answer is 'Proximal convoluted tubule'.