Tag: botany

Questions Related to botany

Identify the Gram $(-)$ bacterium

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Streptomyces coelicolor

  2. Escherichia coli

  3. Ampycolatopsis orientalis

  4. Bacillus subtilis

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain during gram-staining procedure. Gram positive bacteria are bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain during gram staining procedure. Examples of Gram negative bacteria include Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori. Examples of Gram positive bacteria include Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces coelicolor, Streptomyces orientalis (Ampycolatopsis orientalis).

Thus, the correct answer is 'Escherichia coli.'

Glycocalyx is

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Glycoproteins and glycolipids

  2. Oligosaccharide part of glycolipids and glycoproteins

  3. Lipid and protein parts of glycolipids and glycoproteins

  4. Mucopolysaccharides attached to cell wall.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • Glycocalyx or pericellular matrix is a carbohydrate-enriched coating of glycoprotein and a glycolipid that covers the cell membranes of few bacteria, epithelial cells and other cells. 
  • It is mainly used in the recognition of the cell (distinguish between healthy and diseased cells) and also regulates the endothelial vascular tissues.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Oligosaccharide part of glycolipids and glycoproteins'.

Wall is two-layered in

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Mycoplasma

  2. Archaebacteria

  3. Gram $(+)$ bacteria

  4. Gram $(-)$ bacteria

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

On the basis of composition of cell wall, the bacteria are classified into two groups, namely Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Cell wall of all bacteria is made up of peptidoglycan. The gram positive bacteria contains thick layer of peptidoglycan. However, Gram negative bacteria contains thin layer of peptidoglycan. Apart from this, it also contains an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Hence, the wall of Gram negative bacteria is two-layered.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Gram (−) bacteria.'

Cell recognition and adhesion occur due to biochemicals of cell membranes named

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Proteins

  2. Lipids

  3. Proteins and lipids

  4. Glycoproteins and glycolipids

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Cell recognition and adhesion occur due to biochemicals of cell membranes name glycoproteins and glycolipids.
  • Glycocalyx or pericellular matrix is a carbohydrate-enriched coating of glycoprotein and a glycolipid that covers the cell membranes of few bacteria, epithelial cells and other cells. 
  • It is mainly used in the recognition of the cell (distinguish between healthy and diseased cells) and also regulates the endothelial vascular tissues.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Glycoproteins and glycolipids'.

Peptidoglycan (mucopeptide) is found in walls of _____________.

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Only Gram  +ve bacteria

  2. Both Gram +ve and -ve bacteria

  3. Gram +ve, -ve bacteria and fungi

  4. Bacteria and green algae

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The mucopeptide is a peptidoglycan that is insoluble in nature. It is also called as murein. It is present in almost all bacterial cell walls.

Glycocalyx is responsible for__________________.

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Antigens like those of blood groups ABO

  2. Immune reactions and histocompatibility

  3. Hormone receptors

  4. All the above.

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Correct Option: D

How many basal body rings are present in gram (+)ve bacterial cells

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. $3$

  2. $2$

  3. $4$

  4. $5$

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Gram-positive organisms have two of these basal body rings, one in the peptidoglycan layer and one in the plasma membrane.

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ in

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Type of movement and placement

  2. Location and mode of functioning

  3. Microtubular structure and function

  4. Microtubular organisation and type of movement

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
 PROKARYOTIC FLAGELLA  EUKARYOTIC FLAGELLA 
 1) It is made up of flagellin proteins.2) It is smaller in size and is narrower.3) It is designed to perform clockwise and anti-clockwise movements.4) They do not contain microtubule-based structures. 1) It is made up of tubulin proteins.2) It is larger in size and is thicker.3) It is designed to perform back and forth movements. 4) They are made up of microtubules.

So, the correct answer is 'Microtubular organisation and type of movement'.

Choose the wrong statements regarding bacterial cell
(a) Glycocalyx is the outer most envelope in bacteria
(b) Gycocalyx could be a loose sheath called capsule
(c) Glycocalyx may be thick and tough called slime layer.
(d) A special structure formed by the plasma membrane is called mesosome.
(e) Small bristle-like fibres sprouting out of the cell are called fimbriae.

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. a and c are wrong

  2. a and b are wrong

  3. b and c are wrong

  4. a and d are wrong

  5. c and d are wrong.

Show answer
Correct Option: C

Glycocalyx is associated with

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Plasmalemma

  2. Nucleus

  3. Nucleolus

  4. Nucleosome

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Glycocalyx or pericellular matrix is a carbohydrate-enriched coating of glycoprotein and a glycolipid that covers the cell membranes of few bacteria, epithelial cells and other cells. 
  • It is mainly used in the recognition of the cell (distinguish between healthy and diseased cells) and also regulates the endothelial vascular tissues.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Plasmalemma'.