Tag: botany

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Questions Related to botany

Multiple choice botany living world and classification of microbes gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Mucopeptide of cell wall is more in

  1. Gram-positive bacteria

  2. Gram-negative bacteria

  3. Cyanobacteria

  4. Bacteriophage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cell wall of Gram +ve bacteria is made up of peptidoglycans (mucopeptide). Mucopeptide form about 50% of component of cell wall. Cell wall of Gram -ve bacteria is made up of single layer of peptidoglycans.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Cell organelles are the parts of a living cell. All cells have a cell membrane and some cells have a cell wall.
 Which of the following has a cell wall? 
 I. Plants
 II. Bacteria
 III. Fungi

  1. I only

  2. II only

  3. I and II only

  4. II and III only

  5. I, II and III
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cell wall is the outermost, rigid, protective, non-living and supportive layer found in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists but absent in animal cells.

1. Plants cell wall is made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Cellulose is a polymer of glucose and pectin is a polymer of galactouronic acid.

2. Bacterial cell wall is made up of protein lipid polysaccharide NAG (N-Acetyl Glucosamine) and NAM (N-Acetyl Muramic Acid).

3. Fungal cell wall is made up of chitin which is a polymer of glucosamine.
Hence all options are correct.

So, the correct answer is 'I, II and III'.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

The murein found in bacterial cell is

  1. Derivative of protein

  2. Derivative of fat

  3. Derivative of organic acids

  4. Derivative of sugars
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The mucopeptide or murein is a polymer of two amino sugars namely N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetyl muramic acid (NAM). These NAG and NAM are derivatives of Glucose molecules.

Thus, the correct answer is 'D'.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Moving on a grass lawn facilitates better maintenance primarily owing to 

  1. Removal of apical dominance and promotion of lateral meristem

  2. Removal of apical dominance

  3. Wounding which stimulate rapid regeneration

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Sometimes apical bud inhibits the growth of lateral buds, it is called apical dominance. By moving on a grass lawn apical buds are removed and apical dominance of grass is breaked.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

One of the following is less resistant or more susceptible to antibiotics.

  1. Gram positive bacteria

  2. Gram negative bacteria

  3. Escherichia coli

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gram-negative bacteria have a unique outer membrane. This outer membrane prevents penetration of antibiotics within the cell. However, Gram-positive bacteria do not have an outer LPS membrane. This makes them more susceptible or less resistant to antibiotics than gram-positive bacteria.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Gram-positive bacteria.'

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Bacteria which retain purple colour after staining with gram stain is

  1. Gram +ve

  2. Gram -ve

  3. Trichous

  4. Spirillum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gram staining procedure is based on the principle of the ability of microorganisms to retain color of the stains used during the gram staining process. Gram-positive bacteria retain purple color after staining. They are not decolorized by treatment with alcohol. Whereas gram-negative bacteria are decolorized by the alcohol and lose purple color. When again stained with the second stain, they retain pink color. This major difference is due to the difference in the cell wall component of both the bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria contain additional peptidoglycan layer and a thin layer of LPS layer. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Gram +ve.'

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

The main difference in Gram $(+)$ve and Gram $(-)$ve bacteria resides in their

  1. Cell wall

  2. Cell membrane

  3. Cytoplasm

  4. Flagella
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

All bacteria posses cell wall. However, the bacteria are classified as Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria on the basis of their cell wall. Cell wall of Gram positive bacteria consist of multiple layer of peptidoglycan. Cell wall of Gram negative bacteria is made up thin layer of peptidoglycan. In addition, they have one more outer layer of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Thus, the correct answer is 'Cell wall.'

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Gram $(-)$ bacteria differ from Gram $(+)$ bacteria is having ____________.

  1. Thick wall

  2. Complex wall

  3. Simple wall

  4. Absence of wall lipids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Gram positive bacteria differ from Gram negative bacteria in the structure of their cell wall. Gram positive bacteria do not have an outer cell membrane that is present in Gram negative bacteria. The cell wall of Gram positive bacteria have a thick, multi-layered peptidoglycan layer.
 Hence, it retains the crystal violet dye in gram staining. Gram negative bacteria have a thin, single layer of peptidoglycan. Hence, it does not retain the crystal violet dye in gram staining. Gram positive bacteria have techoic acids in the cell wall whereas Gram negative bacteria do not. Gram positive bacteria have low level of lipid content. Gram negative bacteria have high content of lipid, lipopolysaccharide.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Thick wall.'
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Gram $(+)$ and Gram $(-)$ forms of bacteria are differentiable through staining with

  1. Saffranin and Gentian Violet

  2. Saffranin and Iodine

  3. Acetocarmine and Iodine

  4. Crystal Violet and Iodine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gram staining procedure is based on the principle of the ability of microorganisms to retain the color of the stains used during the gram staining process. Gram-positive bacteria retain purple color after staining with Crystal Violet stain. Iodine is added as a mordant to form the crystal violet-iodine complex. They are not decolorized by treatment with alcohol. Whereas gram-negative bacteria are decolorized by the alcohol and lose the purple color of Crystal Violet stain. When again stained with second stain Saffranin, they retain pink color. This major difference is due to the difference in the cell wall component of both the bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria contain additional peptidoglycan layer and a thin layer of LPS layer. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Crystal Violet + Iodine.'