Tag: botany

Questions Related to botany

Mucopeptide of cell wall is more in

botany living world and classification of microbes gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Gram-positive bacteria

  2. Gram-negative bacteria

  3. Cyanobacteria

  4. Bacteriophage

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cell wall of Gram +ve bacteria is made up of peptidoglycans (mucopeptide). Mucopeptide form about 50% of component of cell wall. Cell wall of Gram -ve bacteria is made up of single layer of peptidoglycans.

Cell organelles are the parts of a living cell. All cells have a cell membrane and some cells have a cell wall.
 Which of the following has a cell wall? 
 I. Plants
 II. Bacteria
 III. Fungi

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. I only

  2. II only

  3. I and II only

  4. II and III only

  5. I, II and III

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:
  • Cell wall is the outermost, rigid, protective, non-living and supportive layer found in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists but absent in animal cells.

1. Plants cell wall is made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Cellulose is a polymer of glucose and pectin is a polymer of galactouronic acid.

2. Bacterial cell wall is made up of protein lipid polysaccharide NAG (N-Acetyl Glucosamine) and NAM (N-Acetyl Muramic Acid).

3. Fungal cell wall is made up of chitin which is a polymer of glucosamine.
Hence all options are correct.

So, the correct answer is 'I, II and III'.

The murein found in bacterial cell is

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Derivative of protein

  2. Derivative of fat

  3. Derivative of organic acids

  4. Derivative of sugars

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The mucopeptide or murein is a polymer of two amino sugars namely N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetyl muramic acid (NAM). These NAG and NAM are derivatives of Glucose molecules.

Thus, the correct answer is 'D'.

Exotoxin is produced by

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Gram positive bacteria

  2. Gram negative bacteria

  3. Both (a) and (b)

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Exotoxin is produced by mostly gram positive bacteria, these are protenaceous and heat labile compound which are excreted by bacteria out side the cell.

Moving on a grass lawn facilitates better maintenance primarily owing to 

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Removal of apical dominance and promotion of lateral meristem

  2. Removal of apical dominance

  3. Wounding which stimulate rapid regeneration

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Sometimes apical bud inhibits the growth of lateral buds, it is called apical dominance. By moving on a grass lawn apical buds are removed and apical dominance of grass is breaked.

One of the following is less resistant or more susceptible to antibiotics.

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Gram positive bacteria

  2. Gram negative bacteria

  3. Escherichia coli

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Gram-negative bacteria have a unique outer membrane. This outer membrane prevents penetration of antibiotics within the cell. However, Gram-positive bacteria do not have an outer LPS membrane. This makes them more susceptible or less resistant to antibiotics than gram-positive bacteria.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Gram-positive bacteria.'

Bacteria which retain purple colour after staining with gram stain is

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Gram +ve

  2. Gram -ve

  3. Trichous

  4. Spirillum

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Gram staining procedure is based on the principle of the ability of microorganisms to retain color of the stains used during the gram staining process. Gram-positive bacteria retain purple color after staining. They are not decolorized by treatment with alcohol. Whereas gram-negative bacteria are decolorized by the alcohol and lose purple color. When again stained with the second stain, they retain pink color. This major difference is due to the difference in the cell wall component of both the bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria contain additional peptidoglycan layer and a thin layer of LPS layer. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Gram +ve.'

The main difference in Gram $(+)$ve and Gram $(-)$ve bacteria resides in their

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Cell wall

  2. Cell membrane

  3. Cytoplasm

  4. Flagella

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

All bacteria posses cell wall. However, the bacteria are classified as Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria on the basis of their cell wall. Cell wall of Gram positive bacteria consist of multiple layer of peptidoglycan. Cell wall of Gram negative bacteria is made up thin layer of peptidoglycan. In addition, they have one more outer layer of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Thus, the correct answer is 'Cell wall.'

Gram $(-)$ bacteria differ from Gram $(+)$ bacteria is having ____________.

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Thick wall

  2. Complex wall

  3. Simple wall

  4. Absence of wall lipids

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Gram positive bacteria differ from Gram negative bacteria in the structure of their cell wall. Gram positive bacteria do not have an outer cell membrane that is present in Gram negative bacteria. The cell wall of Gram positive bacteria have a thick, multi-layered peptidoglycan layer.
 Hence, it retains the crystal violet dye in gram staining. Gram negative bacteria have a thin, single layer of peptidoglycan. Hence, it does not retain the crystal violet dye in gram staining. Gram positive bacteria have techoic acids in the cell wall whereas Gram negative bacteria do not. Gram positive bacteria have low level of lipid content. Gram negative bacteria have high content of lipid, lipopolysaccharide.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Thick wall.'

Gram $(+)$ and Gram $(-)$ forms of bacteria are differentiable through staining with

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

  1. Saffranin and Gentian Violet

  2. Saffranin and Iodine

  3. Acetocarmine and Iodine

  4. Crystal Violet and Iodine

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Gram staining procedure is based on the principle of the ability of microorganisms to retain the color of the stains used during the gram staining process. Gram-positive bacteria retain purple color after staining with Crystal Violet stain. Iodine is added as a mordant to form the crystal violet-iodine complex. They are not decolorized by treatment with alcohol. Whereas gram-negative bacteria are decolorized by the alcohol and lose the purple color of Crystal Violet stain. When again stained with second stain Saffranin, they retain pink color. This major difference is due to the difference in the cell wall component of both the bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria contain additional peptidoglycan layer and a thin layer of LPS layer. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Crystal Violet + Iodine.'