Tag: botany

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Multiple choice botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

The aim of plant breeding programme is to produce 

  1. Disease-free varieties

  2. High-yielding varieties

  3. Early-maturing varieties

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Plant breeding programs aim to improve crops in multiple ways. This includes developing varieties that are resistant to diseases, produce higher yields, and mature earlier to optimize farming cycles.

Multiple choice botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

Which is not applicable to the biological species concept?

  1. Hybridization

  2. Natural population

  3. Reproductive isolation

  4. Gene Pool
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The biological species concept defines a species as a members of populations that potentially interbreed in nature. The biological species concept explains species resemblance and how some differ from other species. Offspring has fusion of parent's genes. As the generation increases, the genes of different organisms are constantly shuffled around the species gene pool. The shared gene pool gives the species its identity. Genes are not transferred to other species and different species thus, take on a different phenotype. Interbreeding between species is prevented by isolating mechanisms. The biological species concept centers on this inability to successfully hybridize
 So, the correct answer is 'Hybridization'
Multiple choice botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

Hybrid of maize is grown frequently because of 

  1. Good grain quality

  2. Good yield

  3. Higher starch content

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hybrid plants can be developed by the breeding of the plants of different species. The parents are genetically different plants. The hybrid of maize plant was developed in order to obtain higher yield. The plants with the trait of producing higher yield were crossed with the other plant with superior character. The number of grains in the plant and the number of fruits is counted to obtain a higher yield. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

Crosses between the plants of the same variety are called as

  1. Interspecific

  2. Intervarietal

  3. Intravarietal

  4. Intergeneric
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In intravarietal hybridization, the crosses are made between the plants of same variety. Thus, option C is correct.

Intervarietal hybridization is in which parents involved in hybridization belong to the same species. In crop improvement programme this type of hybridization is commonly used. E.g., crossing of two varieties of wheat or other crops. 
Interspecific hybrids are bred by mating two species, normally from within the same genus.
Hybrids between different genera (such as between sheep and goats) are known as intergeneric hybrids.

Multiple choice botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

Aim of plant breeding is to produce

  1. Disease-free varieties

  2. High yielding varieties

  3. Early maturing varieties

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The prime aim of plant breeding is to improve the characteristics of plants that they become more useful automatically and economically. Some of the objectives may be summarized as follows-
1. Higher yield: Higher yield of grain, fodder, fibre, sugar, oil etc.
2. Improved quality: The quality characters may vary from one crop to another, such as grain size, shape, colour, milling and backing quality of wheat, cooks quality in rice, malting in barley. Size shape and flavour in fruits and keeping quality of vegetables, protein contents in legumes, methionine and tryptophan contents in pulses etc.
3. Disease and pest resistance: Resistant varieties offer the cheapest and most convenient method of disease and pest control. They not only helps to increase the production but also stabilize the productivity.
4. Maturity duration: It permits new crop rotation and extends crop area. Thus breeding for early maturing varieties suitable for different dates of planting. This enables the farmer to take two-three crops in a year.
5. Agronomic characters: Three includes the characters, such as dwarf, profuse tillering, branching erect resistance and fertilizer responsiveness. Thus, option D is correct.

Multiple choice botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

The process of removing stamens from the flower bud during hybridization is called as

  1. Crossing

  2. Selfing

  3. Emasculation

  4. Caping
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Emasculation involves the removal of stamens from bisexual flowers of the female parents in order to avoid self-pollination in these flowers. It is done before the anthers are mature. If in a condition the female parent bears bisexual flowers, then elimination of anthers from the flower bud before the anther matures. This step is known as emasculation.  

Caping is the covering of flower for preventing cross pollination. Crossing refers to hybridization. Selfing occurs in bisexual flowers. 
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

Sugarcane breeding research institute (SBRI) is situated at

  1. Lucknow

  2. Coimbatore

  3. New Delhi

  4. Shimla
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

'Sugarcane Breeding Institute' is the sugarcane research and development institute located in Coimbatore, India. On the 1st day of April 1932, a sub-station of the 'Sugarcane Breeding Institute', Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) was established at Karnal (Haryana) with funds provided by the then 'Imperial Council of Agricultural Research' (now the Indian Council of Agricultural Research abbreviated as ICAR). 

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

Mysore has one of the following institute

  1. National agricultural research institute

  2. Rice research institute

  3. Forest research institute

  4. Central food technology research institute
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Central Food Technological Research Institute, is one of the laboratories of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research located in Mysore, Karnataka. 

So the correct option is D.

Multiple choice botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

Hexaploid or moderm wheat developed through ______________.

  1. Hybridomas

  2. Chromosome doubling

  3. Hybridisation

  4. Hybridisation and chromosome doubling
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Modern hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) arose through the combination of hybridization between different wild grass species followed by spontaneous chromosome doubling (polyploidy) to restore fertility.

Multiple choice botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

Majority of improved Indian Rice varieties have arisen from a cross between

  1. Oryza sativa indica $\times$ Oryza nivara
  2. Oryza sativa indica $\times$ O. sativa japonica
  3. O. sativa japonica $\times$ O. nivara
  4. O. rufipogon $\times$ O. nivara.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Improved Indian rice varieties, such as those developed during the Green Revolution, were primarily derived from crosses between the indica subspecies (native to India) and the japonica subspecies (known for high yield).