Tag: chemical kinetics

Questions Related to chemical kinetics

The hydrolysis of ethyl acetate,
$CH _{3}COOC _{2}H _{5} + H _{2}O\xrightarrow {H^{+}} CH _{3}COOH + C _{2}H _{5}OH$ is a reaction of:

chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

  1. zero order

  2. pseudo first order

  3. second order

  4. third order

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A reaction which is not the first-order reaction naturally but made the first order by increasing or decreasing the concentration of one or the other reactant is known as Pseudo first-order reaction. 


Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate in presence of an excess of water:

$CH _3COOC _2H _5+H _2O(\text{excess}) \xrightarrow{H+} CH _3COOH+C _2H _5OH$

$r = k[CH _3COOC _2H _5]^2[H _2O]^0$

Excess $[H _2O]$ can cause the independency of reaction on $H _2O$.


Hence, it is a pseudo-first-order reaction.

Hence, the correct answer is option $\text{B}$.

In the following reaction $2H _{2}O _{2}\rightarrow 2H _{2}O+O _{2}$ rate of formation of $O _{2}$ is 3.6 M $ min^{-1}.$ The rate of formation of $H _{2}O$ is:

chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

  1. $7.2 \, mol litre^{-1}min^{-1}$

  2. $7.8 \, mol litre^{-1}min^{-1}$

  3. $7.9 \, mol litre^{-1}min^{-1}$

  4. $7.5 \, mol litre^{-1}min^{-1}$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The rate of formation of water is twice the rate of formation of oxygen.
$\frac {d[H _2O]} {dt}=2\frac {d[H _2O]} {dt}=2 \times 3.6  M  min^{-1} = 7.2 \, mol litre^{-1}min^{-1}$

At ${ 380 }^{ 0 }C$, the half life period for the first order decomposition of ${ H } _{ 2 }{ O } _{ 2 }$ is 360 minutes. The energy of activation of the reaction is 200 kJ ${ mol }^{ -1 }$. Calculate the time required for 75% decomposition at $450^{0}C$?

chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

  1. 60 min

  2. 40 min

  3. 20.34 min

  4. 10 min

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

$k _1 = \ \cfrac { 0.693 }{ 360 }= 1.92\times{ 10 }^{ -3 }{ min }^{ -1 }$

$\ log\cfrac { k _2 }{ k _1 } =\left( \cfrac { Ea }{ 2.303R }  \right) \left[ \left( \cfrac { { T } _{ 2 }-{ T } _{ 1 } }{ { T } _{ 1 }{ T } _{ 2 } }  \right)  \right]=  \cfrac { \left( 200\times { 10 }^{ 3 } \right)  }{ \left( 2.303\times 8.314 \right) \left[ \left( \cfrac { 723-653 }{ 653\times 723 }  \right)  \right]  } =  \cfrac { \left( 200\times { 10 }^{ 3 }\times 70 \right)  }{ \left( 2.303\times 8.314\times 653\times 723 \right)  } = 1.5487$

$\cfrac { k _2 }{ k _1 }  = Antilog (1.5487)= 35.38$, $k _2 = 35.38 \times 1.92 \times$ ${ 10 }^{ -3 } = 6.792 \times { 10 }^{ -2 }{ min }^{ -1 }$

Rate at $450^oC$, t = $\ \left( \cfrac { 2.303 }{ k _2 }  \right) log\left( \cfrac { 100 }{ 100-75 }  \right) $= $\ \left( \cfrac { 2.303 }{ 6.792\times { 10 }^{ -3 } }  \right) log\left( \cfrac { 100 }{ 25 }  \right) = \left( \cfrac { 2.303\times 0.6021 }{ 6.792\times { 10 }^{ 2 } }  \right)= 20.34$ minutes.

For the decomposition of $H _2O _2(aq.)$, it was found that $V _{O _2} (t=15 min.)$ was 100 mL (at 0$^oC$ and 1 atm) while $V _{O _2}$ (maximum) was 200 mL (at 0$^oC$ and 2 atm). If the same reaction had been followed by the titration method and if $V _{KMnO _4}^{cM} (t = 0)$ had been 40 mL, what would $V _{KMnO _4}^{cM}(t = 15 min)$ have been?

chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

  1. 30 mL

  2. 25 mL

  3. 20 mL

  4. 15 mL

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

200 ml at 2 atm corresponds to 400 ml at 1 atm. This is the maximum value
In 15 minutes, the volume is 100 ml.
Thus one fourth of the reaction is complete in 15 minutes.
Hence, the volume of $KMnO _4$ will be $\displaystyle \frac{3}{4} \times 40 = 30 mL$

Which of the following are example of pseudo unimolecular reactions?
1. Inversion of cane sugar
2. Decomposition of ozone
3. Decomposition of $N _{2} O _{5}$
4. Acid catalysed by hydrolysis of ester

chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

  1. 2 and 4

  2. 1 and 4

  3. 1, 2 and 4

  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Inversion of cane sugar and Acid catalyzed by hydrolysis of ester are examples of pseudo unimolecular reactions.
Decomposition of ozone is a bimolecular reaction.
Decomposition of dintirogen pentoxide is also a bimolecular reaction.

Which of the following statement is/are correct ?

chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

  1. The rate of the reaction involving the conversion of ortho-hydrogen to parahydrogen is $\displaystyle -\, \frac{d[H _2]}{dt}\, =\, k[H _2]^{3/2}$

  2. The rate of the reaction involving the thermal decomposition of acetaldehyde is $k[CH _3CHO]^{3/2}$

  3. In the formation of phosgene gas from CO and $Cl _2$, the rate of the reaction is $k[CO][Cl _2]^{1/2}$

  4. In the decomposition of $H _2O _2$, the rate of the reaction is $k[H _2O _2]$.

Show answer
Correct Option: A,B,C,D
Explanation:

(A) The rate of the reaction involving the conversion of ortho-hydrogen to parahydrogen is $\displaystyle -\, \frac{d[H _2]}{dt}\, =\, k[H _2]^{3/2}$
The order of the reaction is 1.5.
(B) The rate of the reaction involving the thermal decomposition of acetaldehyde is $k[CH _3CHO]^{3/2}$
The order of the reaction is1.5.
(C) In the formation of phosgene gas from CO and $Cl _2$, the rate of the reaction is $k[CO][Cl _2]^{1/2}$
The order of the reaction is 1.5.
(D) In the decomposition of $H _2O _2$, the rate of the reaction is $k[H _2O _2]$.
The order of the reaction is 1.

The inversion of a sugar follows first-order rate equation which can be followed by noting the change in the rotation of the plane of polarization of light in the polarimeter. If $r _{\propto},\, r _{\zeta}$ and $r _0$ are the rotations at $t\, =\, \propto$, t = t, and t = 0, then the first order reaction can be written as:

chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

  1. $\displaystyle k\, =\, \frac{1}{t}\, log\, \frac{r _{1}\, -\, r _{\propto}}{r _{0}\, -\, r _{\propto}}$

  2. $\displaystyle k\, =\, \frac{1}{t}\, ln\, \frac{r _{0}\, -\, r _{\propto}}{r _{1}\, -\, r _{\propto}}$

  3. $\displaystyle k\, =\, \frac{1}{t}\, ln\, \frac{r _{\propto}\, -\, r _{0}}{r _{\propto}\, -\, r _{1}}$

  4. $\displaystyle k\, =\, \frac{1}{t}\, ln\, \frac{r _{\propto}\, -\, r _{1}}{r _{\propto}\, -\, r _{0}}$

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

For a first order reaction $\displaystyle A \rightarrow P$, the expression for the rate constant is
$\displaystyle \displaystyle k\, =\, \frac{1}{t}\, ln\, \frac{ a}{a-x}$
Here, A is reactant, P is product, a is the initial concentration of A and $a-x$ is the concentration of A at time t.

The inversion of a sugar follows first order rate equation which is given below.
$\displaystyle \displaystyle k\, =\, \frac{1}{t}\, ln\, \frac{r _{0}\, -\, r _{\infty}}{r _{t}\, -\, r _{\infty}}$
Here, $\displaystyle a = r _{0}\, -\, r _{\infty}$ and $\displaystyle a-x = r _{t}\, -\, r _{\infty}$

The reaction, $Sucrose\xrightarrow [  ]{ { H }^{ + } } Glucose+Fructose$, takes  place at certain temperature while the volume of solution is maintained at $1$ litre. At time zero the initial rotation of the mixture is ${ 34 }^{ o }C$.After $30$ minutes the total rotation of solution is ${ 19 }^{ o }C$ and after a very long time, the total rotation is ${ -11 }^{ o }C$. Find the time when solution was optically inactive?

chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

  1. $135$ min

  2. $103.7$ min

  3. $38.7$ min

  4. $45$ min

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

rate constant $k = \dfrac{2.303}{t}log\dfrac{(r _0 - r _\infty) }{(r _t-r _\infty)} = 0.0135$
At the point of optical inactiveness, rotation is zero. 

So, time taken is $ t =\dfrac{ 2.303}{k}log(45/11) = 103.7$ min.

Inversion of a sugar folllows first order rate equation which can be followed by nothing the change in rotation of the plane of polarization of light in the polarimeter. If $r _{\infty,}:r _t:and:r _0$ are the rotations at
 $t\,=\,\infty,t\,=\,t:and:t\,=\,0,$ then, first order reaction can be written as:

chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

  1. $\;k\,=\,\displaystyle\frac{1}{t}log\displaystyle\frac{r _t-r _{\infty}}{r _0-r _{\infty}}$

  2. $\;k\,=\,\displaystyle\frac{1}{t}\,ln\displaystyle\frac{r _0-r _{\infty}}{r _t-r _0}$

  3. $\;k\,=\,\displaystyle\frac{1}{t}\,ln\displaystyle\frac{r _{\infty}-r _0}{r _{\infty}-r _t}$

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

$\underset{d-Sucrose}{C _{12}H _{22}O _{11}}+H _2O\xrightarrow{H+}\underset{d-Glucose}{C _6H _{12}O _6}+\underset{l-Fructose}{C _6H _{12}O _6}$


Initially               a                Excess                  0                0 
After time t        a-x            Constant                x                x
At infinity           0               Constant               a                 a
If $r _0,r _t$ and $r _{\infty}$ be the observed angle of rotations of the sample at zero times, times $t$ and infinity respectively, and $k _1,k _2$ and $k _3$ proportionate in terms of sucrose,glucose and fructose, respectively.
Then,
$r _0=k _1a$
$r _t=k _1(a-x)+k _2x+k _3x$
$r _{\infty}=k _2a+k _3a$
From these equations it can be shown that
$\dfrac{a}{a-x}=\dfrac{r _0-r _{\infty}}{r _t-r _{\infty}}$
So, the expression for the rate constant rate of this reaction in terms of the optical rotational data may be 
put as $k=\dfrac{2.303}{t}\log \dfrac{r _0-r _{\infty}}{r _t-r _{\infty}}$

In the following reaction $2H _2O _2\rightarrow2H _2O+O _2$ rate of formation of $O _2$ is 3.6 M min$^{-1}$.


(a) What is rate of formation of $H _2O\ ?$        
(b) What is rate of disappearance of $H _2O _2$?

chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

  1. (i) $7.2$ mol litre$^{-1}$ min$^{-1},$ (ii) $7.2$ mol litre$^{-1}$ min$^{-1}$

  2. (i) $3.6$ mol litre$^{-1}$ min$^{-1},$ (ii) $3.6$ mol litre$^{-1}$ min$^{-1}$

  3. (i) $14.4$ mol litre$^{-1}$ min$^{-1},$ (ii) $14.4$ mol litre$^{-1}$ min$^{-1}$

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

$ (a)2H _{2}O _{2}\rightarrow 2H _{2}O+O _{2} $

We know, $ \dfrac{-1}{2}\dfrac{d[H _{2}O _{2}]}{dt} = \dfrac{-1}{2}\dfrac{d[H _{2}O]}{dt} = \dfrac{d[O _{2}]}{dt} $

$ \dfrac{d[H _{2}O]}{dt} = 2\dfrac{d[O _{2}]}{dt} = 2\times 3.6\,M\,min^{-1} $

$ \dfrac{d[H _{2}O]}{dt} = 7.2\,M\,min^{-1} $

$(b) \dfrac{-d[H _{2}O _{2}]}{dt} = \dfrac{2}{2}\dfrac{d[H _{2}O]}{dt} = \dfrac{-d[H _{2}O _{2}]}{dt} = 7.2\,M\,min^{-1} $ 

Option A is correct.