Tag: endocrine system in humans

• Angiotensin is a polypeptide that narrow blood vessels and thus regulates arterial pressure. 
• Angiotensin not only constricts blood vessels all over the body in order to increase systemic blood pressure, but it also works in the kidneys in order to maintain blood pressure in the glomerulus(glomerular pressure) so that the glomerular filtration rate stays normal even in the condition when blood pressure is low. Hence, angiotensin increases glomerular pressure.

• Erythropoietin is a hormone released by the kidney.
  
• It is a glycoprotein. 
• This hormone helps in the proliferation and differentiation of erythrocyte precursors.
• Thus, they produce red blood cells (RBCs) from the bone marrow cells and this process is also known as erythropoiesis.
• The cells of the kidney that produces erythropoietin are sensitive to low oxygen levels in the blood that travels to the kidney.
• So, the correct answer is 'Glycoprotein'.

• Erythropoietin is a hormone released by the kidney.
  
• It is a glycoprotein. 
• This hormone helps in the proliferation and differentiation of erythrocyte precursors.
  
• Thus, they produce red blood cells (RBCs) from the bone marrow cells and this process is also known as erythropoiesis.
  
• The cells of the kidney that produces erythropoietin are sensitive to low oxygen levels in the blood that travels to the kidney.
• The extrarenal site for erythropoietin release is liver.
• So, the correct answer is 'Kidneys'.

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood from the tissue to the lungs in three ways: (i) dissolved in solution in the plasma; (ii) buffered with bicarbonate (i.e as hydrogen carbonate ions) and (iii) bound to proteins, particularly hemoglobin.  So, the correct option is 'Erythropoietin'.

• Chymase is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease found in the mast cells and also present in basophil granulocytes.
  
• Chymase hydrolyzes chymotryptic substrates by activating chymotrypsinogen.
  
• So, the correct answer is 'Activator of chymotrypsinogen'.

Prolactin, also called as luteotropic hormone (LTH) or luteotropin, is a protein hormone produced by the pituitary gland of mammals, that acts with other hormones to initiate secretion of milk by the mammary glands. 

Prolactin is the hormone that stimulates milk production. During pregnancy, prolactin stimulates growth of the breast, but high estrogen and progesterone secretion prevent milk production. After delivery, estrogen and progesterone levels drop, and prolactin stimulates the secretion of milk by alveolar cells in the breast.