Tag: chemical coordination and integration

Questions Related to chemical coordination and integration

Hormones are non-nutrients chemicals which act as .............. messengers and are produced in ........... amount.

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Intracellular, large

  2. Intercellular, large

  3. Intracellular, small

  4. Intercellular, trace

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals which act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amount. They are released from the ductless glands called as endocrine glands. They affect the activity of another part of the body called as target site. They are not stored in the body.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Intercellular, trace.'

Read the given paragraph and select the option that correctly fills the blanks in it.
Hormones produce their effect on target tissue by binding to specific ______A called hormone receptors located in the target tissues only. Water soluble hormones usually need ___B receptor that generate ___C messengers for regulating cellular metabolism. ____D soluble hormones can pass through cell membrane and bind to ______E receptors, mostly nuclear receptors. The hormone receptors complex enter the nucleus and mostly regulate gene expression or chromosome function by interaction of hormone-receptor complex with the genome.

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. A-proteins, B-membrane bound, C- second, D- lipid, E-intracellular

  2. A-lipids, B-membrane bound, C-second, D-water, E-intracellular

  3. A-proteins, B-intracellular, C-second, D-lipid, E-extra cellular

  4. A-proteins, B-membrane bound, C-primary, D-lipid, E-intracellular

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Hormones produce their effect on target tissue by binding to specific proteins called hormone receptors located in the target tissues only. Water soluble hormones usually need membrane-bound receptors that generate second messengers for regulating cellular metabolism. Lipid soluble hormones can pass through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors, mostly nuclear receptors. The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus and mostly regulate gene expression or chromosome function by an interaction of the hormone-receptor complex with the genome.
Thus, the correct answer is 'A-proteins, B-membrane bound, C- second, D- lipid, E-intracellular.'

One of the following hormone is different from the other three regarding their solubility.

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Epinephrine

  2. Aldosterone

  3. Steroid hormones

  4. Iodothyronines

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hormones can be classified based on their solubility into hydrophilic and lipophilic hormones. Hydrophilic hormones are soluble in water. They are mostly amino-based proteins. Examples include epinephrine, norepinephrine, insulin. Lipophilic hormones are soluble in lipids. They are steroids and thyroxine. Examples includes aldosterone, steroid hormones, iodothyronines.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Epinephrine.'

Hormones "obey" the commands like "enough, slow down or "two little, speed up".

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Hormones are poured directly into blood the bloodstream and control physiological processes by chemical means. Their action depends on the feedback mechanism. 
So, the correct answer is 'False'

Which one of the following act as vasodilator?

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Vasopressin

  2. Angiotensin II

  3. Renin

  4. Atrial natriuretic factor

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Atrial natriuretic factor cause dilation of the afferent arterioles and constriction of the efferent arterioles leading to a primary increase in GFR.

So the correct answer is 'Atrial natriuretic factor'.

How many of these hormones are water soluble ? Thyroxine, Epinephrine, Nor-epinephrine , Aldosterone, Cortisol, Testosterone, Thymosin, Melatonin, Calcitonin

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. 5

  2. 4

  3. 6

  4. 9

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Water-soluble hormones include glycoproteins, catecholamines, and peptide hormones composed of polypeptides. Receptors for peptide hormones are located on the plasma membrane because they have bound to a receptor protein located on the plasma membrane.
  • Thyroxine, Aldosterone, Cortisol, Testosterone are lipid soluble hormones.
  • Epinephrine, Non-epinephrine, Thymosin, Melatonin and Calcitonin are water-soluble hormones.
Hence, the correct answer is '5'.

Excess secretion of growth hormone in adults leads to

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. acromegaly

  2. goitre

  3. gigantism

  4. dwarfism

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Overproduction of growth hormone causes excessive growth. In children, the condition is called gigantism. In adults, it is called acromegaly. Overproduction of growth hormone is almost always caused by a noncancerous (benign) pituitary tumor (adenoma). 

So, the correct option is 'acromegaly'.

Which one of the following statements is correct ? 

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Neurons regulate endocrine activity, but not vice versa

  2. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity and nervous system regulates endocrine glands

  3. Neither hormones control neural activity nor the neurons control endocrine activity

  4. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity but not vice versa

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system are the two major parts of the nervous system.
  • The peripheral nervous system is further divided into two types- the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. 
  1. The somatic system controls the sense organs and voluntary muscles. 
  2. The autonomic nervous system controls the internal organs and regulates the secretion from the endocrine glands of the body. 
  • Hence, the nervous system is capable of controlling the endocrine glands, but the endocrine glands cannot regulate the functioning of the nervous system.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Neurons regulate endocrine activity, but not vice versa'.

Which of the following is the correct function of endocrine system with reference to chemical coordination?

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. Provides neural integration through hormones

  2. Provides chemical integration through hormones

  3. Provides an organised network of point to point connections for a quick coordination

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.
  • Hormones act on nearby tissues or are carried in the bloodstream to act on specific target organs and distant tissues. 
  • Hence Provides chemical integration through hormones is the correct function of the endocrine system with reference to chemical coordination.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Provides chemical integration through hormones '.

Which of the following are correct.

a) Neural coordination is fast but short-lived. 

b) Secretions of the ductless gland are messengers. 

c) Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals.

d) Hormones act as intracellular messengers.

e) Chemical messengers produced in large amounts.

biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

  1. a, b, and d

  2. b, c, and d

  3. a, b, and c

  4. a, b, c, and d

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

$\Rightarrow$ Properties of Hormones

$\bullet$ Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals which act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amount.
$\bullet$ Hormones do not provide energy or building materials but they do have effects on growth differentiation.
$\bullet$ They may accelerate or inhibit a specific physiological process.
$\bullet$ Hormones are often used up in their regulatory action.