Tag: respiration and associated structures

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Questions Related to respiration and associated structures

Multiple choice zoology gas exchange and smoking respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans respiratory organs in humans

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
What are the tiny clusters of chambers for diffusion of gases in lungs?

  1. Pleura

  2. Alveolar sacs

  3. Bronchioles

  4. Lobes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The pleura are membranes that secrete a lubricating fluid, which allows free movement of the lungs against the chest wall while breathing. The alveolar sacs are sacs of many alveoli (clusters of chambers), that help exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. The bronchioles are the passageways by which air passes through the nose or mouth to the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. Each lobe of the lung has the same physiologic function, bringing oxygen into the bloodstream and removing carbon dioxide. So, the correct option is 'alveolar sacs'.

Multiple choice zoology gas exchange and smoking respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans respiratory organs in humans

What is the approximate normal composition of alveolar air? 

  1. 14% oxygen, 6% carbon dioxide, 80% nitrogen

  2. 21 % oxygen, 2% carbon dioxide, 77% nitrogen

  3. 16% oxygen, 3% carbon dioxide, 81 % nitrogen

  4. 10% oxygen, 8% carbon dioxide, 82% nitrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The air present inside the alveoli or the alveolar air usually has a higher amount of oxygen than carbon dioxide. The approximate composition of alveolar air under normal condition is 14% oxygen, 6% carbon dioxide, and 80% nitrogen.

So, the correct answer is '14% oxygen, 6% carbon dioxide, 80% nitrogen'.


Multiple choice zoology gas exchange and smoking respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans respiratory organs in humans

Membrane separating air in pulmonary alveoli from blood capillaries.

  1. Alveolar epithelium

  2. Cardiac epithelium

  3. Endothelium of blood capillaries
  4. Both $'1'$ and $'3'$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Here option (D) is the correct answer as-
Outermost Layer Of pulmonary alveolitis alveolar epithelium while that of blood capillaries is endothelium. Thus, both alveolar epithelium and endothelium of blood capillaries separate air in pulmonary alveoli from blood capillaries.
Multiple choice zoology respiration in living organisms respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans

 A person breathing normally at rest, takes in and expels approximately half a litre of air during each respiratory cycle. This is called

  1. inspiratory reserve volume

  2. tidal volume

  3. expiratory reserve volume

  4. vital capacity.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The volume of air inspired or expired during normal breath is called tidal volume. It is about 500 mL of air in average young adult man.

Multiple choice zoology respiration in living organisms respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans

Heavy laboured and rapid breathing will result in which of the following?

  1. High ${CO _2}$ in blood
  2. High ${O _2}$ in atmosphere
  3. Low ${CO _2}$ in blood
  4. Low ${O _2}$ in blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Heavy laboured breathing is a sign of abnormal respiration and an increased effort to breathe. Rapid breathing or Tachypnea has seen the breathing rate in adult humans is greater than the normal 20 breaths per minute. This  breathing pattern reduces carbon dioxide in the blood due to increased rate or depth of respiration.

Multiple choice zoology respiration in organisms respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans

Which two of the following changes (a-d) usually tend to occur in the plain dwellers when they move to high altitudes (3,500 m or more)?
(1)Increase in red blood cell size.
(2)Increase in red blood cell production.
(3)Increased breathing rate.
(4)Increase in thrombocyte count.

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 2 and 3

  3. 3 and 4

  4. 1 and 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The most significant limiting factor in high mountain regions is the lower air pressure, which makes it more difficult for oxygen to enter our vascular systems resulting into hypoxia. When we travel to high mountain areas, our bodies initially develop inefficient physiological responses. Then there is an increase in breathing and heart rate to as much as double, even while resting. Pulse rate and blood pressure go up sharply as our hearts pump harder to get more oxygen to the cells. These are stressful changes, especially for people with weak heart. Later, a more efficient response normally develops as acclimatization takes place. Additional red blood cells and capillaries are produced to carry more oxygen. The lungs increase in size to facilitate the osmosis of oxygen and carbon dioxide. There is also an increase in the vascular network of muscles which enhances the transfer of gases.

Multiple choice zoology respiration in organisms respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans

Respiratory rate in new born baby is

  1. Equal to an adult

  2. Less than an adult

  3. More than an adult

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Babies and children normally breathe faster than older children and adults. Newborn to 6 months: 30-60 breaths/min

6 to 12 months: 24-30 breaths/min
1 to 5 years: 20-30 breaths/min
6 to 12 years: 12-20 breaths/min

Multiple choice zoology respiration in organisms respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans

Respiratory system is derived from

  1. Ectoderm

  2. Endoderm

  3. Both A and B

  4. Endoderm and mesoderm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The respiratory system represents the organs that are involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and the environment.
  • In animals, a primary layer of cells is formed during embryogenesis, three in number and are differentiated as ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The tissues produced by these layers give rise to the organs of the body. 
  • The respiratory tract with tracheae, bronchi, alveoli of the lungs is developed from the endoderm. The mesoderm forms the mesothelium from which lines the thoracic cavity and external intercostal muscles.
    Hence, the correct answer is D.