Tag: why classification?

Scala Naturae (Natural Ladder) was written by Aristotle to organize all things in the natural world, living and non-living. Aristotle's Scala Naturae showed a continuum from 'lower' forms of matter to 'higher' forms of matter. 

The dynamic concept of species was given by Lamarck. According to this concept 'Species is always changeable'. Changes always occur in the characters of species from one generation to the next generation. And these changes are known as evolution.

• Aristotle developed the idea of Scala Naturae (Natural Ladder) which came to be known as the Great chain of being to organize all things in the natural world, living and non-living. It showed a continuum from 'lower' forms of matter to 'higher' forms of matter. 
  
• The Scala Naturae ranged from inanimate matter (minerals) as the 'lowest', then up to plants, then to animals. The 'highest' things on the ladder are humans.
  

Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and scientist who gave the original classification of living organisms based on environment, movement and structural similarities. Some of the most important books by Aristotle include Historia Animalium, De Partibus Animalium and De Generation Animalium. So, the correct option is 'All of the above'.

• The Sushruta Samhita is an ancient Sanskrit text on medicine and surgery, and one of the most important such treatises on this subject to survive from the ancient world.
• The Susruta Samhita was written by the famous physician and surgeon Susruta in the 6th century BC who taught at the University of Benares (alternatively Kasi or Varanasi) on the Ganges River.
  
• According to Susruta Samhita, Virudha consisted of shrubs.
  
• So, the correct answer is 'Shrubs'

1. In the rules of nomenclature, families are arranged according to the arrangement of the complexity of flower (position of the gynoecium, the arrangement of anthers etc) and fruit (originated from ovary, or from thalamus ).
2. Perianth means the fusion of calyx and corolla (lily) but similar structure also found in mosses and liverworts (bryophytes) and as these are the primitive plant it is supposed that perianth is a primitive character.
3. Monocots were considered more advanced than dicots in the way of photosynthesis they have more advance system and are called C$ _4$ plants and their vascular bundles, the arrangement of leaves etc are much different and evolved the dicots.
4. Plants adopted unisexuality and evolved from bisexuality to prevent genetic depression it is one of the most common methods of prevention of Autogamy and geitonogamy.

• Natural classification is based on the complete morphological characters of stem, root, leaves, flowers etc. Bentham and Hooker's classification is based on these characters hence it is an example of to be the natural system.
  
• Aristotle and Theophrastus used simple and observable traits for classification.
• Darwin and Wallace were associated with theories related to evolution.
  
• Engler and Prantl presented the evolutionary system of classification
  

• Species Plantarum was published in 1st May 1753.
  
• Linnaeus gave the scientific names of plants of about 6000 species. He established binomial nomenclature in this book which is widely accepted as the starting point of nomenclature of plants