Tag: living organisms and energy production

Questions Related to living organisms and energy production

Oxidation of a molecule of acetyl CoA produces

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. 12 ATP

  2. 15 ATP

  3. 6 ATP

  4. 19 ATP.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The acetyl CoA produced from pyruvic acid as a result of link reaction enters Krebs' cycle by forming citric acid from oxaloacetic acid. When 1 molecule of acetyl CoA completes 1 round of Krebs' cycle, it produces 3 NADH+H+, 1 FADH2 and 1 ATP. So after going through ETS, a total of 12 ATP is yielded ( 3*3  + 1*2  + 1 ).

So the answer is '12ATP'.

Maximum amount of energy/ATP is liberated on oxidation of

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. Fats

  2. Proteins

  3. Starch

  4. Vitamins

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Fats are complex molecules composed of fatty acids and glycerol. The body needs fats for growth and energy.
Fats are the slowest source of energy but the most energy-efficient form of food. Each gram of fat supplies the body with about 9 grams of energy. 
The oxidation of fats releases the maximum amount of energy.
So, the correct option is 'Fats'

Number of ATP molecules which can be built on complete oxidation of pyruvic acid is

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. 6

  2. 2

  3. 15

  4. 30

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The breakdown glucose takes place during glycolysis in which there is a net gain of 8 ATP. The pyruvic acid so formed undergoes oxidative decarboxylation and thus forms acetyl CoA. This reaction leads in the formation of 2 NADH₂ molecules. It results in the formation of 6 ATP.

Therefore if the complete oxidation of pyruvic acid takes place when there is a net gain of 15 ATP.
So, the correct option is '15ATP'

Out of 36 ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule during respiration

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. 2 are produced outside glycolysis and 34 during respiratory chain

  2. 2 are produced outside mitochondria and 34 inside mitochondria

  3. 2 during glycolysis and 34 during Krebs cycle

  4. All are formed inside mitochondria

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

2 ATP from glycolysis which takes place in the cytoplasm and other cellular respiration processes takes place in mitochondria which gives 34 ATP.

So, the correct option is '2 are produced outside mitochondria and 34 inside mitochondria.'

Energy released in aerobic respiration is higher than the one available from anaerobic respiration by

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. 8 times.

  2. 18 times.

  3. 28 times.

  4. 36 times.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Aerobic respiration produces 36 ATP and anaerobic respiration makes on 2 ATP with a single molecule of glucose.

So the correct option is '18 times.'

Maximum energy becomes available per mole of glucose when it is metabolised through

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. Glycolysis in skeletal muscle of a sprinter.

  2. Fermentation into ethanol by yeast.

  3. Fermentation into methanol by enteric bacteria.

  4. Aerobic respiration.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Cells performing aerobic respiration synthesize much more ATP, but not as part of glycolysis. 

So the correct option is 'Aerobic respiration'.

In aerobic respiration one glucose produces

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. $8 NADH + 2 FADH _2 + 2 ATP$

  2. $12 NADH + 2 FADH _2 + 38 ATP$

  3. $12 NADH + 30 ATP + H _2O$

  4. $10 NADH + 2 FADH _2 + 2 ATP + 2 GTP$

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
| Process |  Site |  Energy Release | | --- | --- | --- | |  Glycolysis(breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid) |  In cytoplasm |  2 ATP 2 NADH | | Decarboxylation(conversion of pyruvic acid into Acetyl co enzyme) | mitochondria |  2 ATP | |  Citric Acid Cycle(Oxidation of acetyl co enzyme)(when the cycle runs twice) | mitochondria |  8 NADH 2 FADH 2 GTP   | |  Total |   |  10+28=38 |
So the correct option is  $ 10NADH$+ $2 FADH _2$ +$2ATP$+ $2GTP$

Oxidation of one molecule of glucose in aerobic respiration produces

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. 2 ATP

  2. 30 ATP

  3. 36 ATP

  4. 38 ATP

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
 Product  Molecule  ATP
 Glycolysis  2 ATP2NADH  8ATP
 Krebs cycle NADH  3 (in two cycle)  18 ATP
 FADH$ _2$  2 (in two cycle)  4 ATP
 GTP  2 (in two cycle)  2ATP
 Oxidative decarboxylation  2 NADH (in two cycle)  6ATP
 Total    38

ATP molecules formed on complete oxidation of 40 moles of glucose

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. 3040

  2. 380

  3. 190

  4. 1520

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

One mole of glucose produce=38 ATP molecules

40 moles of glucose produce=38X40=1520
So the correct option is '1520'.

Number of ATP molecules produced from 1 glucose molecule in aerobic respiration

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. 38

  2. 32

  3. 30

  4. 28

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
 Product  Molecule  ATP
 Glycolysis  2 ATP2NADH  8ATP
 Krebs cycle NADH  3 (in two cycle)  18 ATP
 FADH$ _2$  4 (in two cycle)  4 ATP
 GTP  2 (in two cycle)  2ATP
 Oxidative decarboxylation  2 NADH (in two cycle)  6ATP
 Total    38