Tag: living organisms and energy production

Questions Related to living organisms and energy production

Which option is not correct for chemiosmotic theory?

bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. ATP synthesis is linked with proton gradient

  2. Break down of proton gradient releases energy

  3. ATPase enzyme act as pump to break proton gradient

  4. It is applicable for photo phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  • There is a proton gradient created across the thylakoid membrane. The breakdown of this gradient is important because it leads to the release of energy. The gradient is broken down due to the movement of protons across the membrane to the stroma through the transmembrane channel ADP ATP of the F0 of the ATPase. 
  • The ATPase enzyme consists of two parts: F0 and F1. This breakdown provides enough energy to cause a conformational change in the F1 particle of the ATPase, which makes the enzyme synthesize ATP.

So, the correct option is 'ATPase enzyme act as a pump to break proton gradient'.

How many ATP - synthesised during complete oxidation of 3 molecule acetyl co A :

bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. 12 ATP

  2. 24 ATP

  3. 36 ATP

  4. 6 ATP

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Correct Option: A

The total number of ATP produced when one molecule of glucose is partially oxidised into lactic acid is: 

bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. 2

  2. 10

  3. 8

  4. 36

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Correct Option: A

Read the following statements : 
a) $F _0$ part of ATPase is associated with breakdown of proton gradient.
b) A H - carrier contributes in creation of proton gradient.
c) Movement of electrons in ETS is coupled to pumping of protons into the lumen.
d) Formation of $NADPH + H^+$ is related with the creation of proton gradient.
How many of the above statements are correct ?

bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. Two

  2. One

  3. Four

  4. Three

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Correct Option: A

Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements. This leads us to which of the following as a probable hypothesis ?

bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. Disruption of one of these types of structure should necessarily disrupt each of the others as well.

  2. Loss of basal bodies should lead to loss of all cilia, flagella and centrioles

  3. Motor proteins such as dynein must have evolved before any of these four kinds of structure.

  4. Natural selection for motility must select for microtubular arrays in circular patterns.

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Correct Option: A,D

Which of the following is not required for chemiosmotic process?

bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. Proton gradient

  2. Spliting of water

  3. ATP synthase enzyme

  4. Closed membrane system

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A. Proton gradient is required because the breakdown of this gradient leads to release of energy.
B. Splitting of water is required which takes place on the inner side of the membrane and the protons that are produced, they accumulate within the lumen of the thyllakoids.
C. ATP synthase enzyme is required that allows diffusion of protons back across the membrane, this releases energy to activate ATPase enzyme which catalyses the formation of ATP.
D. Closed membrane system is not required. Only a membrane is required for the development of a proton gradient across the membrane of the thyllakoid and the proton accumulation is towards the inside of the membrane.
So, the correct answer is 'Closed membrane system'.

How many ATP molecule could maximally be generated from one molecule of glucose, if the complete oxidation of one mole of glucose to $CO _{2}$ and $H _{2}O$ yields $686$ kcal and useful chemical energy available in the high energy phosphate bond of one mole of ATP is $12\ kcal$.

bio-chemistry biological oxidation chemiosmotic hypothesis living organisms and energy production mechanism of photosynthesis

  1. Fifty-seven

  2. One

  3. Two

  4. Thirty

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Correct Option: A

What is ATP?

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. A hormone

  2. A protein

  3. An enzyme which brings about oxidation

  4. A molecule which contains high energy bond

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

  • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide with three phosphates. The ATP is produced by the addition of phosphorous to nucleoside adenosine.
  • The first phosphate is attached by an ester bond. This bond is a normal covalent bond and not a high energy bond. 
  • The two-terminal phosphates are bonded by high energy acid anhydride bonds. 

Thus one molecule of ATP contains two high energy bonds.

ATP stands for which of the following?

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. Adenosine phosphate

  2. Adenine triphosphate

  3. Adenosine diphosphate

  4. Adenosine triphosphate

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Chemically ATP is a nucleotide. In fact it is a higher order nucleotide because it contains not one but three phosphates. Compounds made up of (pentose) sugar and a nitrogenous base are called nucleosides. If the base is adenine, the nucleoside will be called adenosine. 

If one phosphate is attached to adenosine through an ester bond then the compound becomes a nucleotide and in this case it is called adenylic acid or adenosine monophosphate.
When second phosphorous is attached to the first phosphorous, through an acid anhydride bond, the nucleotide is called adenosine diphosphate. When third phosphorous is attached to the second phosphate through another acid anhydride bond, the nucleotide is called adenosine triphosphate or ATP.

$\sim P$ in ATP represents

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. Two bonds with high energy

  2. Two moles of phosphorus

  3. Three atoms of high energy phosphate

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
ATP is known as energy currency of the cell and it is a nucleotide formed by the combination of adenine as a nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, and triphosphate. It is found in free cells which breaks to form energy by breaking it's high energy phosphate bonds. The high energy phosphate bonds break to form ADP and AMP. It is a hydrolysis reaction which occurs at extreme pH. It dephosphorylates to provide energy for metabolic function.
ATP has three phosphate out of which one is directly attached to the ribose with phosphate ester bond and it is low energy bond. The bond between two phosphate groups is a phosphoanhydride bond which is considered as high energy bond. So ATP has only two high energy bond phosphoanhydride bond.
So, the correct answer is option A.