Tag: monsoon phenomena and its mechanism

Doldrums, also called equatorial calms, equatorial regions of light ocean currents and winds within the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), a belt of converging winds and rising air encircling Earth near the Equator.

The westerlies are the prevailing winds in the middle latitudes between $35^{\circ}$ and $65^{\circ}$ latitude blowing from the west to east. The westerlies are strong especially in the southern hemisphere where there is less land in middle latitudes to cause flow pattern to amplify. The strongest westerly winds southern hemisphere is Roaring Forties which blows between $40^{\circ}$ and $50^{\circ}$ latitudes.

Wind is defined as the perceptible natural movement of the air, especially in the form of a current of air blowing from a particular direction whereas breeze is the gentle wind.

Coastal areas experience less contrasts in temperature conditions due to moderating effect of the seas.  The large water bodies helps in moderating temperature. Water has a higher heat capacity than soil and rock, so the ocean takes much longer to heat and to cool than the land.

Tropical cyclones causes rains on the Coromandel coast. Devastating cyclones originate in the Indian ocean especially in the Bay of  Bengal. The highest frequency of the cyclones is in the month of October and the first half of November. These cyclones are accompanied by strong winds, dense cloud, thundering and heavy rain. 

• The barometer is used for measuring atmospheric pressure, hence option C is correct.
• Thermometer, is used to measure the temperature of human body.
• Anemometer is used to measure wind speed and direction.
• A hydrometer is used to measure the relative density of liquids.

This low pressure belt is also called as doldrums, because it is a zone of total calm without any breeze.