Tag: human environment - settlement, transport and communication

Haldia port was specifically developed in 1977 as a satellite port to Kolkata to overcome severe congestion at the Kolkata port. It could handle larger vessels that Kolkata's upstream port could not accommodate. Nhava Sheva (Jawaharlal Nehru Port) serves Mumbai, Kandla is a major port in Gujarat, and Marmagoa is in Goa.

Ships and water transport are the most suitable modes to reach an island as islands are surrounded by water. Trains, cars, and bikes require land connections like bridges or causeways which may not exist for many islands. Water transport provides direct access without requiring permanent infrastructure.

Minor ports are technically called 'entrepot ports' which serve as trading posts where goods are imported, stored, and possibly re-exported without being part of the major port system. These ports handle smaller cargo volumes and regional trade. Tidal ports refer to ports affected by tides, anchorage ports are temporary mooring points, and free ports have special tax status.

Chennai is one of the oldest and most major ports on the east coast of India, established in 1869. It handles significant cargo volume and is a key port for South India. Puducherry and Cuddalore are smaller ports with much less traffic. 'None of these' is incorrect as Chennai is indeed a major port.

Paradeep (Odisha), Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh), and Nagapattinam (Tamil Nadu) are all located on the east coast of India along the Bay of Bengal. Cochin and Aleppey are in Kerala on the west coast, while Goa, Mumbai, and Kandla are also west coast ports. Machilipatnam is on the east coast but paired with west coast ports in that option.

It is the biggest ultra-modern sea-port off Mumbai. It is equipped with modern facilities having mechanised container berths for handling dry cargo and service berths.

With a long coastline of 7,516.6 km, India is dotted with 12 major and 181 medium and minor ports. These major ports handle 95 per cent of India’s foreign trade. 

Kandla in Kuchchh was the first port developed soon after Independence to ease the volume of trade on the Mumbai port, in the wake of loss of Karachi port to Pakistan after the Partition. Kandla is a tidal port. 

Tuticorin is a port in Tamil Nadu situated on the east coast of India. This port has a natural harbour and rich hinterland. Thus, it has a flourishing trade handling of a large variety of cargoes to even our neighbouring countries like Sri Lanka, Maldives, etc.

Haldia port or Calcutta Port is a major seaport has been built at the meeting place of the Haldi River and Hooghly river in the state of West Bengal. The port's main imports are petroleum, chemicals, and parts. Exports include coal, iron ore, and steel. Port of Kolkata is also a base of the Indian Coast Guard.