Tag: bio-chemistry

Questions Related to bio-chemistry

Most common types of secondary structures of proteins are?

bio-chemistry proteins denaturation of protein proteins and amino acids proteins and enzymes

  1. $\alpha-$ helix and $\beta-$ helix structures

  2. $\alpha-$ helix and $\beta-$ pleated structures

  3. right and left hand twisted structures

  4. globular and fibrous structures

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The most common types of secondary structures are the $\alpha$ helix and the $\beta$ pleated sheet. Both structures are held in shape by hydrogen bonds, which form between the carbonyl O of one amino acid and the amino H of another.

Proteins are found to have two different types of secondary structures vix. $\alpha-$ helix and $\beta-$ pleated sheet structure, $\alpha-$ helix structure of a protein is stabilised by:

bio-chemistry proteins denaturation of protein proteins and amino acids proteins and enzymes

  1. peptide bonds

  2. van der Waals forces

  3. hydrogen bonds

  4. dipole-dipole interactions

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Answer:- (C) hydrogen bonds

Two major factors stabilize the $\alpha$-helix structure are intrachain H-bonding and minimization of steric interference between side chains.

In $\alpha$-helix structure, polypeptide chains are folded in a:

bio-chemistry proteins denaturation of protein proteins and amino acids proteins and enzymes

  1. right hand side

  2. left hand side

  3. both way

  4. none of these

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In $\alpha -$helix structure, polypeptide chains are folded in a both way (heft hand and write hand).

Cheese is a

bio-chemistry proteins denaturation of protein proteins and amino acids proteins and enzymes

  1. Glubular protein

  2. Conjugated protein

  3. Denatured protein

  4. Derived protein

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Cheese is a denatured protein. When producing (hard or semi-hard) cheese, the cheese yield can be increased by subjecting part of the cheese milk to a high temperature heat treatment. Thermal denaturation of whey proteins changes the protein structure so that part of the whey remains in the curd during the cheese-making process. 

Denaturation of proteins can be carried out by

bio-chemistry proteins denaturation of protein proteins and amino acids proteins and enzymes

  1. heat

  2. mineral acids

  3. bases

  4. all of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Denaturation of proteins can be carried out by heat, mineral acids or bases. Denaturation is a process in which proteins lose their quaternary, tertiary and secondary structure which is present in their native state by application of some external stress or compound, such as a strong acid or base, a concentrated inorganic salt, an organic solvent, radiation or heat. If proteins in a living cell are denatured, it results in disruption of cell activity and possibly cell death. Denatured proteins can exhibit a wide range of characteristics from loss of solubility to communal aggregation.

Enzymes are

bio-chemistry proteins denaturation of protein proteins and amino acids proteins and enzymes

  1. Carbohydrates

  2. Nucleic acids

  3. Globular proteins

  4. Fibrous proteins

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Option (C) is correct.
Enzymes are globular proteins, and catalyze metabolic reactions in living organisms.
They have a specific tertiary structure with an active site complementary to the substrate. They can speed up a reaction but do not get used up. Their activity can be affected by temperature and $pH$.

The type of bond that is most important in maintaining secondary structure of a protein is 

bio-chemistry proteins denaturation of protein proteins and amino acids proteins and enzymes

  1. disulphide bridges

  2. hydrogen bonding within the backbones

  3. hydrogen bonding between $R$ group

  4. salt bridges

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Secondary structure of a protein is generally maintained y hydrogen bonding between the $-NH$ group of one amide and the $C=O$ group of another amide

The sequence in which the $\alpha$-amino acids are linked to one another in a protein molecule is called its:

bio-chemistry proteins denaturation of protein proteins and amino acids proteins and enzymes

  1. primary structure

  2. secondary structure

  3. tertiary structure

  4. quaternary structure

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Correct Option: A

Structure of t-RNA is:

bio-chemistry proteins denaturation of protein proteins and amino acids proteins and enzymes

  1. Linear

  2. Branched

  3. Single helix

  4. Clover leaf structure

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Structure of $tRNA$ is single helix. $tRNA$ is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode $mRNA$ sequence into a protein. $tRNA$ functions at specific sites in the ribosome during translation, which is a process that synthesizes a protein from an $mRNA$ molecule.

The diameter of a double helix is:

bio-chemistry proteins denaturation of protein proteins and amino acids proteins and enzymes

  1. 20 A$^{0}$

  2. 0.02 A$^{0}$

  3. 0.2 A$^{0}$

  4. none

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Through X-ray crystallographic methods, it was determined that the diameter of the double helix is around 2 nm. Also, the structure repeats itself after every 3.4 nm.