Tag: bio-chemistry

The electron transport system is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

The process of formation of ATP during oxidation of reduced coenzymes in the electron transport chain is known as oxidative phosphorylation. This process takes place in the mitochondrial membrane because in mitochondrial membrane there are specialized particles which are known as oxysomes which contain coenzymes for electron transfer.

Formation of ATP from ADP in the presence of oxygen during the Krebs cycle is known as oxidative phosphorylation.

ATP is produced during both cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation. During non-cyclic photophosphorylation when electrons move from PS II to PS I, then ATP and $NADPH _2$ is generated and during cyclic photophosphorylation only ATP is generated.

Pentose phosphate pathway or HMP is an oxidative phosphate pathway of cellular respiration in which glucose 6-phosphate acts as the substrate. After its complete oxidation through HMP, 12 NADPH + H+ and 6 CO2 are formed. This pathway is an alternate pathway to glycolysis and is seen in RBC, adrenal cortex, liver, etc. A net gain of 35 ATP is achieved through this pathway.

Reduced molecules like NADH+H+ and FADH2 yield energy in the form of ATP when they undergo ETC in mitochondria. NADH+H+ enter ETC at higher complex than FADH2 so they release energy as 3 ATP and 2 ATP respectively.

The Krebs cycle is the condensation of acetyl group with oxaloacetic acid and water to yield citric acid and leads to the formation of Oxalo acetic acid.

Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO$ _{4}^{3-}$) group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation results in the formation of ATP, which is the energy currency of cell. Phosphorylation occurs as a part of glycolysis, Kreb's cycle and HMP pathway.