Tag: political science

India seeks to secure social, economic and political justice for its people which is specified in the Preamble. Social Justice means the absence of socially privileged classes in the society and no discrimination against any citizen on grounds of caste, creed, colour, religion, sex or place of birth. It also stands for elimination of all forms exploitation from the society.

The term liberty in a positive sense means the absence of restriction on the activities of individual and providing opportunities for development. The Preamble of the Constitution secures all citizens of India liberty of thought, expression, belief faith, and worship, through fundamental rights which can be enforced in a court of law if a violation occurs. A person has the liberty to freely propagate and profess any faith or religion and worship the same.

Our Constitution provides liberty of thoughts, expression and that of religion in form of fundamental rights, enforceable in a court of law if violated. The Freedom of expression is called the mother of all liberties. It implies that every citizen has the right to express his views, opinions, belief, and thoughts. This freedom is considered as Hallmark of democracy for the proper functioning of Government.

Preamble is an introductory statement that states the source of authority, date of adoption, guiding principles, etc. Also, it specifies character and values like sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, republic, justice, liberty, equality, fraternity. It talks about equality of status and opportunity to all and its promotion among the citizens.

The Indian Constitution ensures to all citizens of India equality of status and opportunity as Fundamental Rights which are can be enforced in a court of law. It means the absence of special privilege to any person or section and adequate opportunities for all. It stipulates each and every person be treated equally and subject to equal law.

The central social welfare Board was established in 1953 for promoting voluntarism and general welfare of family, women, and children. State Social Welfare Boards were established to establish various schemes for welfare and development of women and children. These are important organizations in the socio-economic development of India working both at center and state level.

The environmental knowledge acquired by many women is both useful and detailed. Close daily contact makes women, more than men, familiar with properties and uses of the natural environment, for example, disease and drought-resistant crops and tree varieties, efficient fuelwood, and medicinal plants. A survey in Sierra Leone revealed that women could identify 31 different forest products while men were able to identify only 8 of them. Women are often very aware of the ecological relationships that affect their daily life. 

Indira Mahila Yojana aims at organizing at the grass-root level to facilitate the participation of the women in the decision-making process. The main objective of this plan is to create awareness among the women and to provide the income resources to them. This plan will establish coordination among the various plans related to women so that the available funds can be properly used for the welfare of women. Under the ‘Indira Mahila Yojana’, women groups are formed in the villages and urban slums that work with the support of the Indira Mahila Kendras established at the ‘Anganwadi’ level. Road construction, rural electrification, increasing the non-traditional energy sources, social forestry, education, and health programs have also been included in the scheme. Setting up schools at the village level for women was not the objective of this scheme. 

Part XIV of the Constitution of India provides for the Services under Union and States. The provisions related to formation, power, functions, authority, terms of service and its termination, etc is explained under article 308 to 323 of this part.