Tag: nervous system of man

The medulla oblongata controls autonomic functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Temperature regulation is primarily the function of the hypothalamus, not the medulla.

The respiratory rhythm center is located in the medulla oblongata, while the pneumotaxic center, which moderates the respiratory rhythm, is located in the pons.

The midbrain is a small and contracted region of the brain. The anterior region of the midbrain is made up of two longitudinal bands of myelinated nerve fibres called the cerebral peduncles or crus cerebri or crura cerebri. The posterior part of the midbrain is made up of projected optic lobes called the colliculi.

The diencephalon is the small and posterior region of the forebrain. It is made up of the following parts:

The epiphysis or the pineal body is an endocrine gland that develops from the roof of the diencephalon. During the embryo development, it is connected with the brow spot in the embryo. The brow spot is the region between the two eyes. The cells are considered to be the modified neurological cells. It secretes a hormone called the melatonin that regulates the diurnal cycle of the body. Hence, the correct answer is 'Brow spot in embryo'

Man has solid optic lobes. In rabbit, man and mammal optic lobes are four in number and solid, optocoel is absent. In mammals, these are called as quadrigemina.
In frog two optic lobes are present and these are hollow and having optocoel. In frogs, it is called as bigemina.

The meninges are the coverings of the brain that are present interior to the cranium. The outermost layer is called the dura mater. The middle layer is the arachnoid mater. The pia mater is the innermost vascular layer. There is a space present between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater that is called the sub-dural space. It is filled with the serous fluid and provides mechanical support. The space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater is called the sub-arachnoid space. It is filled with the cerebrospinal fluid.

• The autonomic nervous system(ANS) is the part of the nervous system responsible for the control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes.
• Sympathetic ganglia deliver information to the body about stress and impending danger and are responsible for the familiar fight-or-flight response.
  
• There are usually 22-23 pairs of sympathetic ganglia present in ANS: 3 in the cervical region (cervical ganglia), 11 in the thoracic region (note the presence of the stellate cervicothoracic ganglia), 4 in the lumbar region and 4-5 in the sacral region.
  
• So, the correct answer is '22'.

The autonomic nervous system is a division of the peripheral nervous system that supplies smooth muscle and glands, and thus influences the function of internal organs. 

• The autonomic nervous system has three branches: the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system and the enteric nervous system.
  
• The autonomic nervous system is unique in that it requires a sequential two-neuron efferent pathway; the preganglionic neuron must first synapse onto a postganglionic neuron before innervating the target organ.
  
• So, the correct answer is 'Acts on skeletal muscles'.

• The hypothalamus is a small region of the brain. It's located at the base of the brain, near the pituitary gland. 
  
• The hypothalamus is the link between the endocrine and nervous systems. The hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones, which stop and start the production of other hormones throughout the body.
• Hence Hypothalamus integrates Nervous and endocrine system.
• So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.