Tag: plant breeding for food production

Tissue culture is a process that involves exposing plant tissue to a specific regimen of nutrients, hormones, and light under sterile, in vitro conditions to produce many new plants, each a clone of the original mother plant, over a very short period of time. The term plant tissue culture (micro propagation) is generally used for the aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs and their components under defined chemical and physical conditions in vitro.

Micro-propagation means the propagation of plants by growing plantlets in tissue culture and then planting them out.

Tissue culture is a growth of cells or tissues separate from the organism in an artificial environment. The process is called as micropropagation in plant tissue culture. In tissue culture, the small piece of plant or animal is used to grow complete individual and those small parts are called as explants whereas complete grown individuals are called clones. The explant initially turns into rapidly dividing unorganised mass of cells on solid or liquid culture and that is called a callus. 

In 1902 C.Haberlant was the first attempted to culture isolated plant cells invitro on artificial medium. But the discovery of the use of auxin is done by three scientists Gautherel, Nobecourt, and White. This discovery is the second phase of plant tissue culture. Then White discovery's proves that plant could be successfully regenerated from undifferentiated tissue or even single cell in culture called tissue culture. Then tissue culture was developed by P R White in 1925.
So the correct option is C.

Cellular totipotency means the ability of a cell to give rise to complete individual i.e., the formation of the complete cellular organisation from a single cell. Plant cells are totipotent as they can give rise to complete plant. So answer D is correct.